SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN BASIC SCIENCE

SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN BASIC SCIENCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of Contents –

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Purpose of the Study

1.4     Significance of the Study

1.5     Research Questions

1.6     Research Hypotheses

1.7     Delimitation of the Study

1.8     Limitations of the Study

1.9     Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODS

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the Study

3.3     Population of the Study

3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique

3.5     Instrument for Data Collection

3.6     Validation of the Instrument

3.7     Administration of the Instrument

3.8     Scoring of the Instrument

3.9     Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1     Data Analysis

4.2     Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1     Summary

5.2     Recommendations

5.3     Conclusion

5.4     Suggestions for Further Studies

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background to the Study

No two schools are alike. Schools, just like the people within them, have different characteristics. This study attempts to uncover school differences and tie them to student’s academic performances. Moreover, the types of school differences explored were areas in which a superintendent or principal may have some policy control, and where policy differences may have an effect on student’s academic outcome.

Furthermore, Hedges and Hedberg (2023) stressed that the issue of pupils’ academic performance in school has posed a lot of concern to public, parents and the pupils. Most parents take pains in search of school environment that is favourable for their wards to obtain their primary school education.

Lawson (2021) notes that certain factors as well as school characteristics are responsible for academic achievement of pupils in schools. However, these factors  could result from the environment the pupils employ and used for learning.

In fact, in any educational setting, school characteristics and facilities available are very important determinant of the child intellectual development. Indeed, it is much reliable variance to pupils’ interest and academic performance in schools. School characteristics and academic performance of primary school pupils in basic science.

Without reservation, the physical characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, pupils and the learning process. Specifically, poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon-dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult.

SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN BASIC SCIENCE

Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among pupils as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absenteeism rate (Frazier, 2022). In fact, these factors can adversely affect pupils’ behaviour and lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and poor learning altitude among pupils which affect their academic performance in Basic science.

According to Wiseman (2020), there are abundance evidence of various aspects of the school characteristics in which education is experienced and which have important influence in the pupils’ achievement in school. A school as a learning environment includes everything inside and outside the space which a child occupies and which in any way affects his behaviour, interest and performance during a particular learning routine.

In addition, Lawson (2021) outlines some factors that determine school characteristics to include school environment, classroom block, library, heat, ventilation, light, quietness, seating comfort, accessibility to facilities and supplies, building and others in the surrounding of the school. These factors are important since they may or may not increase child’s interest in learning as well as their academic performance in Basic Science.

However, when the school environment is harsh and not encouraging, the pupils become frustrated. By this, the learning of any subject become boring and much time is wasted to enable the pupils follow the learning. Therefore, it is based on these that this research is conducted to ascertain school characteristics and academic performance of primary school pupils in basic science.

1.2    Statement of the Problem

In Nigeria, some school environments dotted with dilapidated building, equipped with outdated facilities and teachers at times work under unsafe condition. It is not unusual to find teachers and pupils interacting academically under collapsed school building.

Moreover, pupils are sometimes left with no option but to receive lessons under poor ventilated classroom; poor lighting and sound system, large class size, because of lack of structure (building) and teachers are poorly motivated resulting to decline number of teacher in the school environment.

However, the issue of poor academic performance of pupils in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents, teachers and even pupils themselves. The quality of education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties, but also in the effective coordination of the school (Ajao, 2022).

The high levels of pupils’ academic performance in Basic Science may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classroom, libraries, and other school facilities are structurally defective. It is based on these factors that this research is conducted to determine school characteristics and academic performance of primary school pupils in basic science.

1.3    Purpose of the Study

The main aim of this study is to examine school characteristics and academic performance of primary school pupils in basic science. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to investigate:

1. The influence of school environment on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
2. The impact of school facilities on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
3. The influence of class-size on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.

1.4    Significance of the Study

It is hoped that this study will provide information for pupils, teachers and school administrators to reflect upon various factors that help pupils in achieving their academic goals. School characteristics and academic performance of primary school pupils in basic science.

Furthermore, the fact that this study is conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of similarities with many other counterparts. Also, this study provides a valuable reference for other schools to reflect upon the school characteristics as it affect the academic performance of pupils in primary schools.

1.5    Research Questions

The following research questions are formulated to guide the study:

1. To what extent does school environment influences academic performance of pupils in Basic Science?
2. How does school facilities influences academic performance of pupils in Basic Science?
3. To what extent does class size influences academic performance of pupils in Basic Science?

1.6    Research Hypotheses

                   The following null hypotheses were formulated for the study:

1. There is no significant difference between conducive and unconducive school environment on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
2. There is no significant difference between school facilities and academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
3. There is no significant difference between small and large class size on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.

1.7    Limitation of the Study

Several problems were encountered while undertaking this research work. Some of these problems include:  

1. The time given for the completion of this study was not enough for a wider and more in-depth study.
2. Lack of funds to procure necessary materials for the study and high cost of transportation hindrances.
3. There researcher also faced challenges like inability to reach out for enough print materials since it was carried out along side with other academic works.

1.9    Definition of Terms

School: A school is an institution designed for the teaching of pupils (or students) under the direction of teachers.

Academic Performance: In brief, this refers to the child’s examination scores or result in school.

Pupils: Pupils in this study refers to children who are learning in both Nursery and Primary level of education.

Conclusion

Based on the specific objectives of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. There is a significant difference between conducive and unconducive school environment on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
2. There is a significant difference between school facilities and academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.
3. There is a significant difference between small and large class size on academic performance of pupils in Basic Science.

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