SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Declaration

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

Abstract

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1          Background to the Study

1.2          Statement of the Problem

1.3          Purpose of the Study

1.4          Research Questions

1.5          Hypotheses

1.6          Significance of the Study

1.7          Scope/Delimitation of the Study

1.8          Definition of Operational Terms

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1          Design of the Study

3.2          Population of the Study

3.3          Sample and Sampling Techniques

3.4          Research Instrument

3.5          Validity of the Instrument

3.6          Reliability of the Instrument

3.7          Administration of the Instrument

3.8          Data Analysis Technique

CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1          Analyses of Data Results

4.2          Summary of Major Findings

4.3          Discussion of the Findings

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1          Summary

5.2          Conclusion

5.3          Recommendations

5.4          Suggestions for Further Studies

References

Appendixes

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background to the Study

Without a doubt, no two schools are alike. Schools, just like the people within them, have different characteristics. This study attempts to uncover school differences and tie them to student’s academic performances. The types of school differences explored were areas in which a superintendent or principal may have some policy control, and where policy differences may have an effect on student’s academic outcome.

Hedges and Hedberg (2022) stressed that the issue of Students’ academic performance in school has posed a lot of concern to public, parents and the Students. Most parents take pains in search of school environment that is favourable for their wards to obtain their Secondary school education.

Lawson (2021) noted that certain factors as well as school characteristics are responsible for academic performance of students in schools.

Without reservation, these factors could result from the environment the Students employ and used for learning. In fact, in any educational setting, school characteristics and facilities available are very important determinant of the child intellectual development. It is much reliable variance to Students’ interest and academic performance in schools.

SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

However, the physical characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students and the learning process. Moreover, poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon-dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult.

Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among Students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absenteeism rate (Frazier, 2012). Thus, these factors can adversely affect Sggtudents’ behaviour and lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and poor learning altitude among Students which affect their academic performance.

According to Wiseman (2020), there are abundance evidence of various aspects of the school characteristics in which education is experienced and which have important influence in the Students’ achievement in school. A school as a learning environment includes everything inside and outside the space which a child occupies and which in any way affects his behaviour, interest and performance during a particular learning routine.

Furthermore, Lawson (2021) outlines some factors that determine school characteristics to include school environment, classroom block, library, heat, ventilation, light, quietness, seating comfort, accessibility to facilities and supplies, building and others in the surrounding of the school. These factors are important since they may or may not increase child’s interest in learning as well as their academic performance in Government. Therefore, this study is to examine school characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools.

1.2    Statement of the Problem

In Nigeria, some school environments dotted with dilapidated building, equipped with outdated facilities and teachers at times work under unsafe condition. It is not unusual to find teachers and Students interacting academically under collapsed school building.

However, the issue of poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to the government, parents, teachers and even Students themselves. The quality of education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of their duties, but also in the effective coordination of the school (Ajao, 2001). School characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools.

The high levels of students’ academic performance in Government may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classroom, libraries, and other school facilities are structurally defective. It is based on these factors that this research is conducted to examine examine school characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools.

1.3    Purpose of the Study

The main aim of this study is to examine school characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to investigate:

1. The influence of school environment on academic performance of students in Government.
2. The impact of school facilities on academic performance of students in Government.
3. The influence of class-size on academic performance of students in Government.

1.4    Significance of the Study

It is hoped that this study will provide information for students, teachers and school administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving their academic goals. Thus, they can investigate the possibility of introducing those factors to their school, which many consequently lead to enhancing pupil’s academic performances in school. School characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools.

In addition, the fact that this study is conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of similarities with many other counterparts. Therefore, this study provides a valuable reference for other schools to reflect upon the school characteristics as it affect the academic performance of students in primary schools.

1.5    Research Questions

The following research questions are formulated to guide the study:

1. To what extent does school environment influences academic performance of students in Government?
2. How does school facilities influences academic performance of students in Government?
3. To what extent does class size influences academic performance of students in Government?

1.6    Research Hypotheses

                   The following null hypotheses were formulated for the study:

1. There is no significant difference between conducive and unconducive school environment on academic performance of students in Government.
2. There is no significant difference between school facilities and academic performance of students in Government.
3. There is no significant difference between small and large class size on academic performance of students in Government.

1.7    Delimitation of the Study

This research work is restricted to the influence of school characteristics and academic performance of secondary school students in Government in some selected schools. Among the variables linked to school characteristics, only school locations and school types were considered in the study It covers all the public secondary school in study area.

1.8    Limitation of the Study

Several problems were encountered while undertaking this research work. Some of these problems include:  

1. The time given for the completion of this study was not enough for a wider and more in-depth study.
2. Lack of funds to procure necessary materials for the study and high cost of transportation hindrances.
3.   There researcher also faced challenges like inability to reach out for enough print materials since it was carried out along side with other academic works. School characteristics and students academic performance in secondary schools.

1.9    Definition of Terms

School: A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or students) under the direction of teachers.

School Characteristics: Those variables that make up the school as an institution of learning e.g. school environment, classroom, libraries, instructional facilities etc.

Academic Performance: This refers to the child’s examination scores or result in school.

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