HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background to the Study

1.2    Statement of the Problem

1.3    Objectives of the Study

1.4    Significance of the Study

1.5    Research Questions

1.6    Delimitation of the Study

1.7    Limitation of the Study

1.8    Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Research Area

3.2    Research Design

3.3    Population of the Study

3.4    Sample and Sampling Technique

3.5    Instrumentation

3.6    Instrument Validity

3.7    Instrument Reliability

3.8    Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1    Data Analysis

4.2    Discussion of Research Findings

CHAPTER FIVE –SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1    Summary

5.2    Recommendations

5.3    Conclusion

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The home is the first agent of socialization. It is through which the very first impression is being projected on the child. Moreover, the home is a significant factor in the child is socialization process. Undeniably, it is through the home that a child learns certain basic social rules that there is power and authority, and teachers in the same sense of love, generosity, resentment, disappointment, fear and hop (Bartini, 2022).

Therefore, the home is the first ground for socialization, moral learning and education. Indeed, home or facilities which are capable of bringing their children to the above standard move along with aims and objectives of pre-primary education, which is to effect a smooth transition from the home to the school.

In fact, the home is an important factor in the child’s academic achievement. The child by nature is a learning organism. Adetoro (2022) states that he/she learns from the home, the child is equipped with no necessary experiences he/she needs to survive in the society and the tools required improving or effecting changes.

HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

In accordance with the aims of secondary education, parents should be able to effect a smooth transition from home to school; children at the other hand should have adequate preparation at home before moving to other levels of education (FRN, 2014).

Home variables such as parent’s educational status, authority, relationships, family size, socio-economic status, residential location and parent’s interest in children’s academic performance of the child (Ogodo, 2014). Furthermore, according to him, student’s academic achievement is product of the forces, behind their learning environments which include the home, school and the society where the child operates. Home variables and academic performance of students in social studies in junior secondary schools.

In addition, parent’s occupation, family size, general standard of living, social status, available medical and health care, cognitive stimulation and motivation. Moreover, feeding standard are some of the variable factors which may affect students achievement in schools (Fraser, 2016). Therefore, the need to examine home variables and academic performance of students in social studies in junior secondary schools in the present study was informed by the persistent downward trend in the student’s academic achievement.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Undeniably, the low standard of academic achievement of students as experience today is largely attributed partially, to the failure of the home as the fostering centre for development and the matrix in which future personality is shaped (John, 2016). The God-given role of child training and preparation for schooling is found to be neglected as parents pursue other concerns instead of this primary role (Mallu, 2022).

Studies identify home variables such as parent’s economic status, family size, parent’s educational background and parent’s interest on children academic activities as a significant predator of student’s academic achievement (Kozol, 2016 and Ogobe, 2014). It became therefore necessary to examine home variables and academic performance of students in social studies in junior secondary schools.

1.3    Objectives of the Study

The objective of this study was to examine home variables and academic performance of students in social studies in junior secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to:

1. Find out the influence of parent’s income level on the academic performance of students in Social Studies.
2. Find out the influence of parental occupation on academic performance of students in Social Studies.
3. Find out the influence of family size on the academic achievement of students in Social Studies.

1.4    Significance of the Study

In brief, it is expected that the investigation of this study will provide useful information to guidance counselors for effective counseling of parents and students on academic and related matters. It is also expected that the investigation of this study will help teachers to develop keen interest in their students with a view of helping all their students to get the best from their academic endeavours. Home variables and academic performance of students in social studies in junior secondary schools.

The investigation of this study is also expected to add to the existing body of knowledge on the influence of home variables on academic achievement of students. Finally, the investigation of this study will provide empirical data on the influence of the selected home variables on student’s academic achievement for further studies in the area concern.

1.5 Research Questions

          The following research questions were raised to guide directions to the study:

1. Does parent’s income level influence academic performance of students in Social Studies?
2. Does parental occupation on academic performance of students in Social Studies?
3. Does family size influence academic achievement of students in Social Studies?

Definition of Terms

Parental Education: This refers to the literacy level of the father, mother or both.

Occupation: In brief, this refers to the income generating activities which parents engage in, whether skilled or unskilled.

Environment: This refers to conditions or circumstances affecting learning by a student.

Income: In brief, this refers to the amount of money accruing to the family daily, weekly, monthly, or annually. It is measured by the economic well-being of the family members.

Achievement: This described ability to pass test and examination, ability to answer questions and to do their assignments well.

Conclusion

The result of this study revealed that parents’ income level, parents’ occupation and family size have significant influence on academic achievement of students in Social Studies in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.

• The level of parents’ income significantly influences the academic achievement of students in Social Studies.
• Secondly, there was a positive influence exerted by the family occupation and student’s academic achievement.
• Thirdly, the family size was positively related to the academic achievement of students in Social Studies among junior secondary schools in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.

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