HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS

HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgments

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION  

1.1    Background to the Study

1.2    Statement of the Problem

1.3    Purpose of the Study

1.4    Significance of the Study

1.5    Research Questions

1.6    Limitation of the Study

1.7    Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:          REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE:       RESEARCH METHODS

3.1    Area of the Study

3.2    Research Design

3.3    Population of the Study

3.4    Sample and sampling Technique

3.5    Instrument for data collection

3.6    Validation of the Instrument

3.7    Administration of the Instrument

3.8    Scoring of the Instrument

3.9    Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:         RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1    Data Analysis

4.2    Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1    Summary

5.2    Recommendations

5.3    Conclusion

5.4    Suggestions for further study

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The academic performance of any child cannot be separated from the home environment in which the child grows up. Healthy home background offers emotional security to child (Agholor, 2022). The investigating that has adopted refined measure of family influence on child home tended to show that they are related more strongly to academic outcome, than global measure of family background.

Moreover, the impact of home environment on the academic achievement in school is today receiving wide acknowledgement in many educational circles within the globes. The attention in this factor is receiving it’s tend credence to this point of view that influence the home environment has on the child learning.

Asaga (2023) observed that the home environment and parent occupy the most important position in the child’s educational environment and whatever he could make out in the same way.

However, Akinboye (2016) traced this view from the time the child is born into the family and felt that the tone of the child’s mother or child’s father interaction and the style of discipline in the family may have effect on the learning rates of the child in Economics. The child’s environment outside the school (his home background) determines the academic performance of the learning in many subjects such as Economics.

HOME VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS

A search on academic achievement studies revealed that various variables have been identified as correlates of academic achievement of senior secondary school students Economics (Kutnick and Layne, 2018). Research has also suggests that academic performance can be predicted through creativity testing (Hirch and Peterson, 2018).

Moreover, studies conducted on hone environment in today’s modern society expect everyone to be a high achiever.  In fact, the key criteria to judge one’s true potentialities and capabilities are perhaps scholastic, academic achievement. Thus, academic performance has become an index of a child’s future.

Therefore, it is putting a great pressure on the minds of children and their parent. The scholastic achievement is a function of cognitive and non cognitive aspect of personality, and is the resultant of various factors like personal, social, economic and other environmental factors. Research studies have proved that a good, supportive environment in home, school and neighbourhood could enhance a child’s scholastic achievement. Home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.

Family being the first and major agency of socialization has great influence and bearing on the development of the child. It has been shown by various studies that most of the children who are successful/great achievers and well adjusted come from the families where sustaining wholesome relationships exist.  So, it is the home which sets the pattern for the child’s attitude towards people and society, aids intellectual growth in the child and supports his aspirations and achievements.

Furthermore, a highly significant positive relationship between the variables academic achievement and family scores has been assessed (Shaha and Sharma, 2017).

An ordinary observation suggests that home environment has a great deal of changing influence either positive or negative on academic performance of students. And as such, parents play the most important roles as one of the powerful determinants in educational progress among students which may leads to success or failure.

However, it can no longer be disputed that home involvement enhances the learning experience of the students. Home environment can create conditions, such as forces and external stimuli that affect the individual cognitive development.

Bloom (2013) opined that, learning goes on in both the home and the school and it is of significant different between these two institutions that explains much of the learning success of some students and the failure of other students. The important duty of the parents at this point is to ascertain the home and if possible improve and coordinate the school activities so that, they can function together to achieve maximum learning experiences and help to eliminate or reduce any negative impact.

Therefore, in this capacity parents can serve as a facilitator by creating a bridge between two cultures that will impact ultimate success or failure of the students in their academic performance of Economics in senior secondary school. The study therefore is undertaken to ascertain home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics

1.2     Statement of the Problem        

Indeed, the main problem that attracted the attention of the researcher is the poor academic performance in Economics. However, many of these problems among others are parental income, parental educational background, unconducive environment, parenting style of parents, inadequate facilities for learning etc.

Actually, the education standard in Nigeria has fallen greatly compared to that of the past. The parents and the entire society have shifted blame on the teachers for low performance in NECO, WASSCE and other examinations, while the teachers themselves blame the parents for refusing to provide their wards with the required school materials that enhance learning. Home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.

Consequently, upon the observation deterioration in the academic performance, attitude and values of secondary schools, one wonders if the high failure rate is caused by home background of parents and parenting style may be the cause of such poor performance of students in school; since it is believed that, a good foundation for education starts from the home.

However, owning to the poor results of Nigerian candidates, almost every year, the researcher wants to examine home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.

1.3  Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics. Specifically, the objectives of the study are:

1. To find out the performance of students in Economics whose parents are from rural and urban home environment.
2. To find out the performance of students in Economics who comes from literate and illiterate home background.
3. To determine the performance of students in Economics whose parenting style is democratic and laissez-faire.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The study which aimed at finding out the impact of home environment on the academic performance of students is significant to:

• Parents: The findings of this study will aid them to choose a better learning environment for their wards in both rural and urban areas as this will help to increase the academic achievement of their children in schools.
• Students: It is hoped that this study will help students in the choice of school as also aid them to see the effect of environment on the study of several subjects not in Economics only. Home variables and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.

• Also, this study will give an insight to the educational planners, researchers, teachers, students and the entire communities to give useful suggestions on how to eradicate the negative form or deference and encourage positive influence to enhance high level of academic performance of students in secondary schools.

1.5     Research Questions   

The following research questions were postulated to guide the researcher in the study:

1. What is the difference in performance of students in Economics whose parents are from rural and urban home environment?
2. What is the difference in performance of students in Economics who comes from literate and illiterate home background?
3. What is the difference in performance of students in Economics whose parenting style is democratic and laissez-faire?

 Definition of Terms   

Home Environment: This refers to the surrounding or place where the students leave.

Academic Performance: This is the achievement of students in school subjects as indicated by scopes in relevant test.

Economics: This is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.

Conclusion

Based on the result of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Home environment is a significant contributory factor which influenced the academic achievement of a child in school.
2. Secondly, all parents irrespective of rural and urban settlement should look for ways to encourage their wards to learn for better academic performance in Economics and other school subjects.
3. There is a significant relationship between literate home background and academic performance of their children.
4. Lastly, democratic and Laissez-faire parenting styles are some of the factors that affect and mar the academic performance of students in schools.

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Peter Hezekiah

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