THE INFLUENCE OF NIGERIAN HOME VIDEO FILMS ON CRIMINALITY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
List of Tables
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Objective of the study
Research Questions
Research hypotheses
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Limitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework
Review of Empirical studies
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research Design
Population of the study
Sample size determination
Sample size selection technique and procedure
Research Instrument and Administration
Method of data collection
Method of data analysis
Validity of the study
Reliability of the study
Ethical consideration
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Data Presentation
Answering Research Questions
Test of Hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Appendix
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Nigerian home video films on criminality. Research questions and hypotheses were postulated to guide the study. The researcher adopted the survey research design. The population of the study comprises of all the teachers and students of the selected schools in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State form the population of the study. For selection of sample size for the study, the researcher adopted the convenient sampling method to determine the sample size.
The researcher adopted the convenient sampling method to determine the sample size. Out of all the entire population of teachers and students from the selected secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area, the researcher conveniently selected 80 out of the overall population as the sample size for this study.
The research instrument used in this study is the questionnaire. The responses were analyzed using the frequency tables, which provided answers to the research questions. The hypothesis test was conducted using the chi -square and Pearson Correlation Statistical tool.
The findings of the study revealed that, Nigerian home video films significantly influence the incessant trend of criminality in Uyo local government area and Nigeria as whole.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The Nigerian film industry, also known as Nollywood, is Africa’s most prevalent movie activity in both the number of productions and value, roughly producing between 1,000 and 1,500 movies annually. Nollywood is making its mark in the film business. According to the article, “Nigeria’s Film Industry: A Potential Gold Mine”, Rebecca Moudio (2013) states. “The Nigerian film industry, also known as Nollywood, produces 50 movies per week, second only to India’s Bollywood- more than Hollywood in the United States.
Although its revenues are not on par with Bollywood’s and Hollywood’s, Nollywood still generates an impressive $590 million annually” (Moudio, 2013). This in turn assists the government with creating employment growth for the country by providing job opportunities.
According to the article, “About Nollywood”, the average production of Nollywood films costs approximately $15,000 and takes only 10 days to make a movie (Sacchi, 2006). Nollywood films last between an hour to two hours and they are occasionally broken up into multiple parts. Some films are split into parts on one disc or up to three discs, which may include advertisements and promotional content in-between the films.
There is no gainsaying that, the introduction and development of films and cinemas mark an important epoch in the history of mass communication. It combines sound and vision to produce media contents used in communicating ideas and issues. Through films and videos, the cultural background and identity of a nation are exhibited to the outside world.
Over the years, there has been a propagation of indigenous films and home videos in Nigeria. There have been issues of concern over the role of Nigerian films and videos and the image that they have portrayed about the Nigerian culture.
According to Meltzoff and Moore (2017), heavy exposure to television is believed to be one of the causes of aggressive behavior, crime, and violence in the society. Youths are most likely to become emotionally interested in the situations that concern their changing views of the world and growing status in the society. These issues include identity formation, college life, moving away from home, driving and cutting out parental control Bello (2011). The level of emotional involvement of youths, with film content can affect aspects of their psychosocial development.
Notably, the Nigerian movies, popularly referred to as Nollywood movies, produced by the Nigerian film industry uses formats such as video cassette, video compact disc (VCD), and more recently the digital video disc (DVD), in producing their movies. The Nigerian audiences’ first experience in film screening was in August 12, 1903 at the Clover Memorial Hall in Lagos (Uchegbu 1992: 48).
Even though film was introduced by a European merchant, it took the combined efforts of the colonial administration and the church to sustain the industry (Ekwuazi 1987: 1). During this time, film was also used as a tool for education as evidenced in the screening of educational documentaries. On farming, health and other important issues through the mobile free cinemas that would tour Nigerian villages. The content of such films can be easily discerned. The British colonialist used it for their “civilizing” mission as well as to indicate the blessedness of being colonized. The church, as their involvement in education and the media industry has shown, used films for spreading the gospel.
However, the Nigerian film has expanded and grown in leaps and bounds and became the third most popular and largest producer after Hollywood of the United States and Bollywood of India.
Adesanya (1997: 15) notes that cost of production greatly hampered film production. Film makers unable to cope with cost of shooting on celluloid first turned to reversal film stock and later on, video tapes. So unlike the American and Indian film industry, the Nigerian film industry popularly called Nollywood uses the video cassette format and recently the Video Compact Disc (VCD). As a consequence, the films are not shown in Cinema houses since they are shot straight into video tapes, replicated and sold for home viewing hence the term home videos. Therefore, it is this ingenuity that has changed the face of the Nigerian film industry.
Moreover, in most homes, many adolescent and youths glued their eyes on the television watching movies of all kinds. Some movies that are may adversely affect their emotion, psychic, moral behaviour and cognitive development.
Furthermore, recent research has shown that high rate of crimes in Nigerian schools and society at large could be related to influences of bad movies or videos they watch. For instance, the display of pornographic films or shown during most the Nigerian movies has affected many youths and exposed them to all forms of sexual harassment like practice of homosexuality, incest to mention but a few.
Psychologists and sociologist has confirmed that people especially the youth are highly influenced by what they see to a great extent very gullible. However, most young people accept it as subconsciously as an acceptable code of conduct in a contemporary society no wonder the popular slogan among Nigerian youth is “the in thing”.
Nollywood films are popular in Nigeria because they have indigenous content and address issues relevant to the mass audience. Certainly, through an amalgamation of Nigerian narrative techniques (African storylines) and Western technology. These films document re-create socio political and cultural events that occurred within and beyond the country’s borders.
Video films are not only popular in native Nigeria and other African countries. But in less than twenty years they have attracted the attention of many media practitioners, film festivals like Cannes, and some American and European universities. In fact, DSTV (Digital Satellite Television), a digital satellite service in Africa, features “Africa Magic’ (Channel 112, 114, 115, 117, and 118). Hence, these are channels devoted to Nollywood films and some other West African movies from countries like Ghana, Togo, Benin Republic etc.
However, most of these Nigerian home videos is in no doubt influence the viewers especially the young populace negatively. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of Nigerian home video films on criminality.
The Influence of Nigerian Home Video Films on Criminality
Statement of the Problem
The success in home video productions and the corresponding audience interest have attracted a lot of attention to the film sector. The impact of home video on culture, religion and moral behaviour has generated a lot of concern and uneasiness to many Nigerians.
Much fear looms in the area of traditional values and culture of Nigerian nation. Even though some claims that it is merely for entertainment and as such does not raise any pertinent moral questions. The truth and reality of the video industry confronts us with a situation which demands immediate response. Hence, the problem remains how Nigerian home video films influences criminality among the citizens of Nigeria.
Objectives of the Study
The major objectives of this study, is to ascertain the impact of Nigerian movies on the general society.
The specific objectives of the study are as follows:-
- To ascertain if there is an over-emphasis of negative themes in Nigerian movies.
- To identify the negative effects or disadvantages associated with watching Nigerian movies.
- To find out how Nigerian movies can affect the society indirectly.
- To suggest ways to prevent or reduce the negative effects or malevolence caused by Nigerian movies in our contemporary society.
Research Questions
This study will seek answers to questions such as:
1) Is there an over-emphasis of negative themes in Nigerian movies?
2) What are the negative effects or disadvantages associated with watching Nigerian movies?
3) How can Nigerian movies affect the society indirectly?
Research Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1
Ho: There is no significant relationship between Nigerian video films and criminality.
Hi: There is a significant relationship between Nigerian video films and criminality.
Hypothesis 2
Ho: There are no negative effects or disadvantages associated with watching Nigerian movies.
Hi: There are negative effects or disadvantages associated with watching Nigerian movies
Significance of the Study
It is obvious that Nollywood to a very large extent contributes to violence in Nigeria. A worrisome aspect of these films is that none of the film-makers actively canvasses for the discouragement of the negative tendencies acted out on the screen. And the failure by movie producers to make any strong comment against social ills is a short coming of the films that use violence in their messages. The implication is that such films rather than amelioring violent acts in the society tend to aggravate them, Folarin, (1999).
The study looks at the malevolence of Nigerian movies in our contemporary society. The study does not dispute the fact that the television which is one aspect of the media, is also very beneficial to learning and development processes, and as a matter of fact, goes a long way in socializing individuals. By helping them blend more easily into the society due to the amount of information passed on to the audience. Thus, through well-coordinated motion pictures with various contents and story lines.
However, as a medium of communication, the home videos are influential media and have the capacity of sending a wrong message or impression to the viewing audience. Especially, young people in their vulnerable stages of growth. Moreover, such impression could spell a big problem to the entire society. Owing to the fact that the youth learn more easily from what they see or observe than from what they hear.
Also Nigerian film makers will benefit from the information contained here as a yard stick to measure the level of their weaknesses and compare it with the strengths they have which could serve as a guide to correcting their weak points for a better future of their products and the society at large.
This study’s significance is also justifiable on the grounds that it will contribute largely to the understanding of the negative effects of home videos or the malevolent nature of some home videos towards our contemporary society, which would spur film makers to improve on the quality and the contents of the movies produced.
Resultantly, this would reduce the negative impacts, as well as the level of malevolence caused by movie watching in our contemporary society.
Based on various theories, or rather as a result of these theories, film makers will then try to adhere to National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) laws by differentiating the age ratings for various movies, while the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation will also try to review and censor the movies before they get into circulation. And the parents on the other hand will ensure that children watch only the movies specified for their various ages. To conclude, this study is significant. Because it seeks to investigate these issues of negativity in movie themes and its effects on people and the society at large. Thus, identify and proffer possible solutions to curb the problem, by finding out the roots of these problems.
Scope/Limitations of the Study
This study on the influence of Nigerian Home video films on criminality.
Limitations of Study
Financial constraint– Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint– The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
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