ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Limitation of the Study
1.7 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO:REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Implementation of Physical and Health Education Curriculum
2.2 Insufficient Instructional Materials
2.3 Financial Constraints and Administrative Support
2.4 Summary of the Literature
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Area of the Study
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Validity of the Instrument
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument
3.8 Administration of Instrument
3.9 Scoring of Instrument
3.10 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Discussion of findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
References
Appendix
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine “environmental variables and implementation of physical and health education curriculum in secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area”. The population for the study comprised all public secondary schools in Essien Udim Local Government Area. Two hundred and fifty (250) students were chosen to form a sample size. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select five secondary schools out of 14 secondary schools.
Indeed, questionnaire was the major instrument for the study. Survey design was used for the study. Chi-square statistical method was used to calculate the opinion of the students. It therefore indicate that environmental variables really influence implementation of physical and health education curriculum in secondary schools. Finally, it was recommended that adequate facilities and equipment should be provided for teaching of physical and health education in secondary schools.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
It is an obvious facts that our generation has witnessed unprecedented economic growth and technological progress bringing enormous benefit to many, and environmental factors. The various technological innovations witnessed are as a result of the learning experience undergone by students under the influence of a teacher.
Curriculum refers to a systematic, well planned course of study which the school engages in the education of the child (Ekpo, 2021). Curriculum is a programme of learning, planned for a target group of learners for a specific period of time in order to achieve certain predetermined educational goals (Dada, 2017).
Inyang-Abia and Umoren (2010) defined curriculum as an operational plan detailing what content, ideas, skills, and values are transferable to learners, their means of acquisition and the utility of such idea, skills, attitude and values. A curriculum cannot be effective until it is implemented.
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
According to Ekpo(2011) curriculum implementation involves the selection of what to teach and a decision on when and how to teach. One may also wish to add who to teach what. Curriculum implementations constitute that aspect of the educative process, which takes place in institutions of learning. It is to actual utilization of the prescriptions of developed curriculum. (Which may include: identified contents, topics, methods, instructional strategies, instructional materials and evaluation) by teachers at the different levels of education for the purpose of instructing or teaching the pupils/students.
Undeniably, curriculum implementation is a highly professional function or activity which readily puts to test the professional and academic competency of the teachers.
Environmental variables are all situations, functions, events, people, technology, culture, climate and other contingencies that surround an individual and influence him either positively or negatively (Ubom, 2023).
In addition, the problem of mass failure in both WASSCE and NECO has led to the call for the review of senior secondary school curriculum. Which some of us have seen to be over leaded and poorly implemented because of several problems.
Moreover, the learner’s manipulation of the learning condition determines the teacher’s level of achievement of instructional objectives. Thus, the junior secondary school physical and health education curriculum which is trying to become a reality today owned its beginning to the 1997 national policy of education which made health and physical education an instructional subject.
However, literature has shown poor level of physical and health education performance among school aged children in secondary school in Nigeria. Therefore, this work highlights the problems responsible for the deficiency in physical and health education junior, secondary school curriculum implementation. Thus, they include, lack of continuity in scope and sequence of the curriculum. Also, poor quality control monitoring machinery, financial constraints and administrative support and inadequate instructional materials among others.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The health of any nation does not only depend on her national resources, but also to a large extent. On the availability of competent personnel to explore the resources in the right kind of training opportunities, which in turn, depend on the educational system of the nation. Without a doubt, the junior secondary schools health education curriculum has been sent to schools and attempts have been made to implement it.
What is responsible for some secondary schools not taking physical and health education in both junior and senior secondary certificate examination? In other words, the general interest of the subject matter is low in our schools. Thus, rendering the goals and objectives of the curriculum useless. It is upon this fact that this study examines environmental variables and implementation of physical and health curriculum in secondary schools.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the environmental variables and implementation of physical and health education curriculum in secondary schools. Specifically, the study intends to determine whether:
(1) To determined the influence of personal implementations of physical and health education curriculum in Senior Secondary Schools
(2) To determine the influence of instructional materials in the implementation of Physical and Health Education curriculum in Schools.
1.4 Significance of the Study
It is believed that the findings from this study will assist the education policy makers to intensity campaign in favour of the growth of the numerical strength to the planners. This study will equally suggest the need for and ways of improving the quality of personnel in Nigeria.
Also, with the use of varieties of instructional materials will contribute an idea to the already existing ones on a planned curriculum for teachers.
To the teachers, it also enables them to change their attitude toward students of physical and health education. On the general note, it is felt that this research will be used as an index for more future research on physical and health education as a subject.
1.5 Research Hypothesis
(1) There is no significant relationship between personal implementation of physical and Health Education curriculum and school on environment.
(2) There is no significant influence relationship between instructional materials and the implementation of physical and Health Education curriculum.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
This work will cover all the secondary schools in the study area. The study will also cover the environmental variables which influence effective implementation of physical and health education curriculum in secondary schools. This factors include quality and quantity of insufficient instructional materials financial constraints and poor administrative supports as they affect effective curriculum implementation of physical and health education during the period of understudy, restricted the researcher to information derived from journals, textbooks, periodicals and questionnaire.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Education: Acquisition of knowledge or skill especially formal learning in an institution of learning.
Curriculum: This is a programme of learning planned for a target group of learners for a specific period of time in order to achieve certain predetermined educational goals.
Physical Education: This is the process by which changes take place in an individual as a result of his environment; it is also prescribed as physical exercise.
Health Education: it is one of the strategies of health promotion. The goal of health education is to help students learn about health behaviour.
Curriculum Implementation: Is an important aspect of curriculum process which guides the valuation of students learning process that concerns materials and ideas being put into practice.
Environmental Variables: This may be defined as a value that can be changed depending on condition or on information that past.
Conclusion
The wealth of any nation does not only depend on her natural resources, but also to large extent on the availability of competent personnel to explore the resources. In other word, it depends on the presence of the right kind of training opportunities.
Therefore, this study, conclude that something should be done otherwise the knowledge and practice of physical and health education habits in secondary will continue to be brought to disrepute.
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