Supervisory Strategies and Teaching of Agricultural Science among Secondary School Teachers

Supervisory Strategies and Teaching of Agricultural Science among Secondary School Teachers

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

Title Page                        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        i

Certification                    –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ii

Dedication                       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iii

Acknowledgements         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        iv

Abstract                          –        –        –        –        –        –        –        v

Table of Contents            –        –        –        –        –        –        –        vi

List of Tables                   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study –        –        –        –        –        1

1.2     Statement of the Problem         –        –        –        –        –        7

1.3     Objectives of the Study             –        –        –        –        –        9

1.4     Research Questions                  –        –        –        –        –        9

1.5     Statement of Hypotheses           –        –        –        –        –        10

1.6     Significance of the Study –        –        –        –        –        10

1.7     Limitation of the Study              –        –        –        –        –        11

1.8     Delimitation of the Study –        –        –        –        –        12

1.9     Definition of Terms          –        –        –        –        –        –        12

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     Regular supervisory Strategy and Teaching of Agricultural

Science                                                                 –        –        14

2.2     Internal Supervisory Strategy and Teaching of

Agricultural Science                                               –        –        18

2.3     External Supervisory and Teaching of Agricultural Science         23

2.4     Summary of Literature Review            –        –        –        –        28

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS

3.1     Area of the Study                               –        –        –        –        30

3.2     Research Design                                –        –        –        –        31

3.3     Population of the Study                      –        –        –        –        31

3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique        –        –        –        –        31

3.5     Research Instrument                          –        –        –        –        32

3.6     Validation of Instrument           –        –        –        –        32

3.7     Administration of Instrument              –        –        –        –        32

3.8     Scoring of the Instrument                   –        –        –        –        33

3.9     Method of Data Analysis  –        –        –        –        –        –        33

 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1     Analysis of Data              –        –        –        –        –        –        34

4.2     Discussion of finding       –        –        –        –        –        –        37

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

5.1     Summary              –        –        –        –        –        –        –        40

5.2     Recommendation            –        –        –        –        –        –        41

5.3     Conclusion            –        –        –        –        –        –        –        42

References            –        –        –        –        –        –        –        43

Appendix               –          –        –        –        –        –        –        45

Abstract

The study aimed at examining the influence of supervisory strategies and teaching of Agricultural Science among secondary school teachers in Ikono Local Government Area. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for study. The population of this study consisted of all Agricultural Science teachers in all the public secondary schools in Ikono Local Government Area. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study.

Thereafter, a random selection of twenty (20) secondary school teachers formed the sample size for the study. Instrument used for the data collection was a structured questionnaire tagged “Supervisory strategy and teaching of Agricultural Science Questionnaire (SSTOASQ).

However, the study adopted chi-square as a method of answering research hypotheses. Therefore, the result indicated that there is a significant influence between regular, internal and external supervisory strategy and teaching of Agricultural Science among secondary school teachers in Ikono Local Government Area.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background to the Study

Indeed, the major goal of most nation of the world has been the achievement of educational excellence. However both the teacher and student’s input are quite important and relevant to the school system, for they are the principal actors on stage.

Moreover, in the process teaching and learning, some extraneous variables sometimes interfere with the plans and patterns of operation within the school. The teacher’s personality, their attitude to work, motivation, discipline, and school environment would individually or collectively have either positive or negative effects on the school systems and its end results.

Supervisory Strategies and Teaching of Agricultural Science among Secondary School Teachers

Supervision therefore, involves the use of expert knowledge and experiences to oversee, evaluate and co-ordinate the process of improving teaching and learning activities in schools.

Furthermore, Okemakinde (2014) gave a more explicit definition of education as a deliberate and systematic influence extended by the mature person upon the immature through instruction, discipline and harmonious development of physical intellectual, aesthetic, social and spiritual powers of the human beings according to their essential hierarchy by and for the individual and social uses which is directed towards the union of the educated with the creator at the final end.

Ayodele and Ajayi (2012) opined that, a larger number of secondary school teachers are experienced and professional in teaching jobs, most of the teachers are on the teaching job, but do not perform up to expectation even though they possess higher teaching qualification. These marked informative for regular supervision so as to put them at right position not to make mistake in discharging their duties of teaching the young ones’ and laying solid foundation for higher learning.

The supervisor oversees direct activities of the workers and gives instructions on set tasks. supervising therefore involves the administrators efforts to guide the daily operations of the organization by stimulating, directing and coordinating the workers and their effort and also cultivating good working personnel relations such that everyone involved can collectively perform effectively all the function which would lead to goals achievement.

Ukeye (2012) opined that supervisory strategy are expected to motivate workers, co-ordinate professional development, involve teachers more in problem-solving and decision making and also try to satisfy their needs for belonging. Therefore, there was as drastic shift of the concept of supervision from its authoritarianism to democratic principles where it became co-operative activity.

So much concern became indispensable in the utilization of the human resources. Therefore, supervisory in this dispensation become broad in perspective, embracing various dimensions of the curriculum, the teachers, the students, the teaching method, techniques, teaching aids and school environment.

With the increasing need for appropriate school curriculum coupled with its attendant increase in content, there is need for an accompanying growth in the number and types of instructional materials such as tape recorders, instructional film and televisions.

1.2    Statement of the Problem       

The provision of adequate relevant and attractive teaching aids will be declined in a situation where the supervision of some teachers may tend to be lazy and of poor performance of students in schools.

It is quiet believed that, some of the secondary school teachers are helping students owing to the facts that, there is no proper supervisory in the school. By doing this, supervisory help in maintaining as well as upgrading performance standards of schools. These reforms are also inspired by the need to improve school autonomy.

Olowoye (2012) effective supervision of the school system will improve the teaching and academic environment without this, the students will be bored with the school environment and thus the instruction given them will have no effect on them.

Therefore, it is through this problem of doing inappropriate supervision in schools system, the study is carried out to investigate on influence of supervisory strategies and teaching of Agricultural Science among secondary school teachers in Ikono Local Government Area.

1.3    Objectives of the Study

Generally, the main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of supervisory strategies on teaching of Agricultural Science among secondary school teachers.

Specifically, the study intends to:

1. Determine the influence of regular supervisory strategy on teaching of Agricultural Science.
2. Examine the influence of internal supervisory strategy on teaching.
3. Assess the influence of external supervisory strategy and teaching.

1.4   Research Questions

1. To what extent does regular supervisory strategy influence teaching of Agricultural Science?
2. What extent does internal supervisory strategy influence teaching?
3. What extent does external supervisory strategy influence teaching?

1.5    Statement of Hypotheses

H0₁:  There is no significant influence of regular supervisory strategy on teaching of Agricultural Science.

H0₂:  No significant influence of internal supervisory strategy on teaching.

H0₃:  There is no significant influence of external supervisory strategy on the teaching.

1.6   Significance of the Study

The study will be beneficial to the following: This study would provide useful information to the government, educational agencies and school administrators. The findings would further reveal the important and the effect of supervision on teachers’ effectiveness.

Also, the study would help in revitalizing the issue of falling standard of education as a result of poor administration while it demands proper organization and planning. Thus, thereby making the society to benefit from the study. Also help in making effective use of human and material resources that are available to the schools in the society.

Lastly, the findings of this study would encourage teachers to develop more self-confidence. Therefore, feel more adequate to handle their own problems and experience fuller realization of their capabilities.

1.7    Limitation of the Study

Transportation: Due to poor road, the researcher was unable to reach out many schools in the area.

Finance: Lack of money, the researcher was unable to reach out to many schools.

Weather: The prevailing rainfall of the season during which the researcher was carrying out, the researcher found it difficult to reach out to many schools.

1.8   Delimitation of the Study

The study concentrated on only secondary school teachers in public secondary schools in Ikono Local Government Area.

1.9    Definition of Terms

Some concepts come with different meaning when used in various contexts and in this study it is expedient to operationally define some concepts applied, so as to avoid misconceptions.

Teaching: This is a deliberate effort by a matured person to impart information, knowledge, value, skills and norms to an immature person through the process that is morally acceptable.

Teacher: This is a matured or experienced person who impacts information, knowledge, skills, values attitude and norms to an immature or inexperienced person as well as guide a learning process.

Agriculture: This is the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animal for human consumption and nation’s benefit.

Regular Supervisory: In brief, this is a complex service involving the provision of guidance. Coordination of teachers and resources towards achieving set education goals.

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