COUNSELING SERVICES AND IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEARNING OF BUSINESS STUDIES AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
COUNSELING SERVICES AND IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEARNING OF BUSINESS STUDIES AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Delimitation of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of the Study
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Validation of the Instrument
3.7 Administration of the Instrument
3.8 Scoring of the Instrument
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Suggestion for Further Studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Without reservation, guidance and counseling happens to be one of the recent developments in the field of education in Nigeria. Moreover, it becomes system popular with the introduction of the 6-3-3-4 education system in 1998. Later on, vocational guidance services spread to other secondary school outside Ibadan and across the entire federation. The ministry officials became so interested in those organized services that these groups of career workshops for teachers and career master eventually the “Career Advisers” became a national issue (Awodeyi, 2023).
However, counseling services is a psychological process of helping an individual to be equipped with self-understanding and skills of problem solving of everyday life in the society, home and school. In fact, it is one of the educational services which according to the National Policy of Education (2014) is to “facilitate the implementation of the educational policy, the attainment of policy goals and the promotion of effectiveness of educational system”, again, the third goals of the educational services is to “make learning experiences more meaningful for children”.
COUNSELING SERVICES AND IMPROVEMENT IN THE LEARNING OF BUSINESS STUDIES AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Based on the goals, the counseling activities in schools are beneficial because the counselors working with students in secondary schools guide them thoroughly to help them succeed in their educational pursuit.
According to Okorodudu (2022) counseling encompassed activities of relevant services and also processes of helping persons within and outside the school, to achieve their full potentialities in their emotional, moral, social, academic and vocational developments.
Counseling is a programme that assists in understanding the biological, sociological and psychological needs of students in particular being in their adolescent, stage, congregating in our secondary schools. Undeniably, the quality of education is reflected through academic achievement resulting from the students performance at various levels, which is a function of behaviour in their study habits and attitudes. Thus to enhance the quality of education, it’s necessary to improve the students study habits and attitudes. This can be done by identifying those factors that affected study behaviour negatively, hence remedial measures and strategies applied for the development of good study habits and attitudes. Hence, this calls for schools to organize for effective guiding and counseling services (Makinde, 2017).
Indeed, behaviour modification could be attained by resolving the physical, emotional, social and academic difficulties of the students by helping the students understand their learning strengths and weakness as a factor that will improve their study habits. In this case the greatest challenge of an educator is to maintain order in the classroom so as to achieve academic objectives, this creating an optimal work environment (Shechtman and Lie-Chentile, 2022), what is required in school today is not only discipline of an environmental conducive for teaching and learning and learning, but also improving academic performance.
In the school context, academic performance in Nigerian secondary schools has been a challenge particularly in the selection of subjects based on their future careers. The task has been entrusted with the teachers and school counselors who actually perform the guidance and counseling roles as adviser to both students and parents.
Without a doubt, education guidance is important in assisting the learners to make informed decisions about their educational path on issues of choices that need to be made between subjects, curriculum and institutions of learning. It also provides them with information on subject combinations or options. Counseling services and improvement in the learning of business studies among junior secondary school students.
Similarly, vocational counseling service prepares the child for the emerging opportunities in the world of work. These services provide assistance to the students on job creation and entrepreneurial programmes when they graduate from secondary school.
Furthermore, the personal social counseling services are services provided by counselors, teachers and other significant members of the society to students who are unable to meet needs, aspirations and goals in the life and who shows signs of personality maladjustment in school.
Thus, the personal-social counseling services assist students to adjust their personal and social life to meet with their aspiration in life and in school (Mancillas, 2021). Therefore, this study aimed to examine counseling services and improvement in the learning of business studies among junior secondary school students.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The availability of counseling services has been observed in secondary schools in AkwaIbomState. Counseling programme provides several guidance and counseling services to students in secondary school in ObotAkara Local Government Area.
Despite the ministerial directive of the State Secondary Education Board to implement counseling programme in all learning institutions, learning of Business Studies have been declining. This means that students do not have interest in their educational pursuit and cannot make appropriate and realistic personal, social and vocational decisions which have a negative reflection on the various programmes put in place to promote learning of students offering business studies in secondary schools. This therefore, motivated the researcher to examine counseling services and improvement in the learning of business studies among junior secondary school students.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study aimed to examine counseling services and improvement in the learning of business studies among junior secondary school students. Specifically, the study sought to:
(i) Examine the influence of educational counseling services on the improvement of learning in business studies in secondary schools.
(ii) Investigate the influence of vocational counseling services on the improvement of learning in business studies in secondary schools.
(iii) Examine the influence of personal-social counseling services on the improvement of learning in business studies in secondary schools.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The findings of this study could be significance to the following, policy makers, teacher, counselors, parents and students.
(i) Firstly, to the policy makers, the findings of this study would help policy makers in developing appropriate policy interventions towards provision of quality guidance and counseling programmes in secondary schools.
(ii) Secondly, it will help the teachers in re-evaluating their instructional strategies thereby involving counseling section in their class. Counseling services and improvement in the learning of business studies among junior secondary school students.
(iii) The findings, the study would be of immense benefit to school counselors because it would enable them to adopt appropriate technique to provide quality educational, vocational and personal-social counseling services to students. It will also help them to create good counseling environment for students in the school.
(iv) Furthermore, the finding of this study would be of immense value to parents as they offer career counseling and occupational information to their children based on the counseling programme organized in school.
(v) Lastly, the findings of this study would be beneficially to students as it would create awareness of the need for counseling services. This would assist them in changing their perception towards business studies being a pre-vocational subject in the junior secondary schools. It would also help student to learn how to study effectively to achieve academic aspirations.
1.5 Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study.
(i) To what extent does an educational counseling serviceinfluence students’ improvement in the learning of business studies in junior secondary schools?
(ii) To what extent does vocational counseling service influence students’ improvement in the learning of business studies in junior secondary schools?
(iii) To what extent doe personal-social counseling services influence students’ improvement in the learning of business studies in junior secondary schools?
Definition of Terms
Counseling: Counseling is a helping relationship between client who is helpless and a counselor who is knowledgeable in helping people become aware of themselves and the way in which they area reading to the behavioural influence of their environment.
Guidance and Counseling: An activity or programme aimed at creating a positive attitude among learners towards academics.
Motivation: The act or process of giving someone a reason to do something.
Performance: In brief, this is the level or grade obtained by students in a given test or examination.
Educational Counseling Services: In brief, is a process of helping an individual in planning a Suitable educational program and making progress in it.
Vocational Counseling Service: Is a phase of education where its emphasis is laid on preparation and participation in occupations of economic and social value.
Personal-Social Counseling Service: Counseling services are those services provided to a person who shows signs of personality maladjustment such as: unhappiness, annoyance and anger, inability to meet needs inability to get aspirations into fruitions, anxiety neurosis, excessive frustration, lack of knowledge and partial or total failure.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, there is clear indication that counseling services have significant influence on improvement of learning in school subjects including business studies in secondary schools in Nigeria.
Moreover, there exists a significant influence of educational, vocational and personal-social counseling services on improvement of learning in business studies in secondary schools. This is because counseling services assist learners in getting correct information about their education and vocation thereby making good decisions about their educational path on issues of choices that they need to make between each subject in school since children grow up to become what the society wan them to be.
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