TEACHERS MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BASIC TECHNOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TEACHERS MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BASIC TECHNOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Basic Assumptions of the Study
1.8 Delimitations of the Study
1.9 Limitations of the Study
1.10 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.1.1 Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization
2.1.2 Theory of Learning Motivation
2.2 Rewards and Academic Performance
2.3 Knowledge of Results and Academic Performance
2.4 The use of Assignment or Tasks and Academic Performance
2.5 Summary of the Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Area
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Source of Data Collection
3.6 Sample Procedure
3.7 Instrumentation
3.8 Validation of the Instrument
3.9 Data Collection Procedure
3.10 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR – DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.2 Discussion of the Findings
CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
References
Appendix
Abstract
The study determined the influence of teachers’ motivational techniques on students’ academic performance in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area. Three specific purposes and three research questions were formulated to guide the study. A null research hypothesis was set and tested for the study. The population of the study consisted of 1900 junior secondary two (JS2) students in the seven public secondary schools in the study area. A sample size of 300 JS2 students was selected for the study from five secondary schools through simple random sampling techniques.
The research developed instrument titled “Teachers’ Motivational Techniques and Students’ Academic performance Questionnaire (TMTSAPQ)” was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument contained 15-items, rated on a four point scale of strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was the statistical tool used for data analysis.
The findings of the study revealed that teachers’ motivational techniques such as rewards, knowledge of results and the use of assignment or tasks greatly influence students’ academic performance in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Motivation refers to anything that initiates and sustains and individual’s behaviour towards the accomplishment of a given task. It is defined as the internal urge or need or eternal condition that arouses action, sustains the activity in progress and regulates the pattern of that activity in order to attain the desired goal (Onyejraku, 2018). Motivation has been defined in many ways, all pointing to the same thing. It is an inner force or desire to achieve a certain goal (Nwankwo, 2019).
Papalia and Olds (2015) viewed motivation as the inner force which energizes behavior. Motivation is a set of one or more conditions which activates, turn on behaviour, direct its behaviour until the goal is reached (Witting and Williams, 2014). Motivation plays a very important role in human learning.
According to Okoro (2011), adequate motivation set in motion those activities which result in learning and also sustains and directs them. The interest and effort of the learners are aroused through motivation work purposefully and energetically towards achieving the desired goal.
Okoro (2011) stressed that a learner is likely to work below his maximum capacity unless he is motivated. Enang (2016) contended that motivation is an important psychological construct that affects learning and performance in certain ways: Motivation increase an individuals energy and activity level, it directs an individual toward certain goals, motivation promotes initiation of certain activities and persistence in those activities and it affects the learning strategies and a cognitive process an individual employs. It increase the likelihood that people will pay attention to something, study and practice it, and tries to learn it in a meaningful fashion. Besides, it increases the likelihood that they will seek help when they encounter difficulty.
Students in the classroom require constant motivation from their teachers in order that they may make maximum use of their talents. These include: the use of reward and punishment, the use of praise and blame, knowledge of result or feedback, the use of assignment or tasks, making lessons interesting, providing real life and symbol models, among others (Okoro, 2011). He added that the teacher should not adhere strictly to anyone of them. He should rather make use of various approaches at a time bearing in mind that fact that individual differences exist among his students.
TEACHERS MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BASIC TECHNOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
The teacher is expected to administer reward to his students occasionally in the classroom. Rewards arouse interest in and motivate students. They ensure a repetition and maintenance of desirable behaviour. It has a positive effect in motivating students for learning (Chauhan, 2016).
In addition, closely associated with the provision of knowledge of results by the teacher to his students is the regular giving of assignment. Furthermore, closely associated with the provision of knowledge of results by the teacher to his students is the regular giving of assignment. Also, closely associated with the provision of knowledge of results by the teacher to his students is the regular giving of assignment. Assignment arouses and maintains student’s interest in the learning tasks (Mangal, 2017).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Basic Technology is a social science subject which the process and institutions whereby the insatiable (limitless) human wants are satisfied within the limits imposed by availability of resources which have alternative uses (Oyo, 2019). It is a subject offered by students in the junior secondary school level.
The performance of most students in Basic Technology and some students do not indicate high interest in the subject. These problems could be attributed to lack of motivation of students by the Basic Technology teachers. The teacher handling Basic Technology in secondary schools are not fully committed to the discharge of their responsibilities.
The students’ assignments, notes and class work are not assessed regularly by some teachers. Most teachers hardly give assignments and feedback to students to energize, direct and sustain their behaviour or interest. To this end, the students are passively involved in the class activities and as such their academic and learning achievement are equally influenced negatively.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study was to determine the influence of teachers’ motivational techniques on students’ academic performance in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area. Specifically, the study set to:
- Determine the relationship between rewards and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
- Determine the relationship between knowledge of result and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
- Determine the relationship between the use of assignments or tasks and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study will be of benefit to the teachers, students and the general public. The study will be of benefit to the teachers in the at they will realize their weaknesses in teaching Basic Technology to the understanding of the students, hence, appreciate measures will be adopted to motivate the students so that the learning outcomes will be maximally achieved.
The findings of the study will contribute immensely to the students in such a way that the various behaviour problems in the classroom setting which hinder effective learning will be properly addressed and as such the performance of the students will equally be improved.
Besides, the students will benefit from the skilful motivational approaches employ by their teachers to improve upon learning achievement in Basic Technology.
1.5 Research Questions
- What is the relationship between rewards and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
- What is the relationship between knowledge of result and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
- What is the relationship between the use of assignment or tasks and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
1.6 Research Hypotheses
On the bases of the research questions, a null hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance:
- There is no significant relationship between rewards and academic performance of students in Basic Technology in secondary schools in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area.
Definition of Terms
Teacher: This is a paid agent whose job is to transfer knowledge to learners in the society.
Motivation: Motivation can be view as those things that propel us to action and make life worth.
Teachers’ Motivational Techniques: These are methods adopted by a teacher to motivate students to take active part during teaching and learning for better academic performance.
Academic Performance: This refers to the scoring or exhibited ability of students in school test, examination and other related activities in the school.
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