STUDENTS VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

STUDENTS VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Appendices

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Purpose of the Study

1.4     Significance of the Study

1.5     Research Questions

1.6     Delimitation of the Study

1.7     Limitation of the Study

1.8     Operational Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO     –        REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE  –       RESEARCH METHOD

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Research Area

3.3     Population of the Study

3.4     Sample and Sampling Techniques

3.5     Instrument for Data Collection

3.6     Validation of Instruments

3.7     Scoring of the Instrument

3.9     Research Procedure

3.10   Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR   –        PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.2     Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE     –        SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Summary of the findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendations

5.4     Suggestion for Further Study

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the study

The teaching learning process involves a vast array of interventional processes at the centre of which is the teacher (the facilitator of learning) on one hand and the students (the learners) on the other hand.  According to Eyo (2023), learning is a purposeful, conscious and complex process which must involves the effort of the learners before there is effective learning. An important feature of learning according Eyo is that it involves a complex interaction between the students and the learning concepts.

However, according to Ekwe (2015) the students occupy the central role for learning to occur as learning cannot be forceful and as such the learners must be ready to learn before they can learn. Clark and Rumble (2014) in addition to personal and mental developments, students’ variables analysis is critical for ensuring ones access to social, economic and civic life. In the contemporary Nigerian society, greater emphasis is being placed on industrial and technological development.

As a result, students are being encouraged to take up vocational related subjects. One of such subjects that cut across all the areas is business education. In our march towards scientific and technological advancement, we need nothing short of schooling (Inyang, 2015).

Contemporarily, individual variables such as gender, age, peer group, study habit, intelligence, and personality play an important role in learning. The conclusion by Udofia (2023) in his findings on self concept and students’ academic performance in Biology in secondary schools in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area was that student’s variables such as motivational orientation, self-esteem and learning approaches are important factors influencing academic performance in science.

STUDENTS VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Workman (2019) reported that the variable of the students which involves the age and gender determines the level of learning of the students especially in the secondary level of education. The author found that male students’ response differently to learning in vocational education compare to their female counterpart due to their physical body structure. Correspondingly, female children lack motivation to study vocational courses since they consider themselves as weak and need language related courses.

In a related study, Achetachi (2023) investigated students’ related factors and their academic performance in vocational education in Abia State College of Education and found out that the age of the student as well as the maturity level of the student make some of the students to fail in learning the materials presented to them. This implies that when children fail to grap what is taught, the response may often be anger, rebellion, and even depression.

A positive learning characteristic requires motivation and satisfaction in the learners before there could be effective learning of any concept. The judgment of this variable depends on the age of the students. Therefore, this study aimed to examine students variables and academic performance in business studies in junior secondary schools.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

It is observed that over the years, majority of students that sat for the Junior Secondary School Certificate (JSSC) examination have been recording mass failure not only in the area of overall performance, but also in the key subject like Mathematics, English and Business Studies.

Undeniably, the percentage of students who passed their Junior Secondary School Certificate (JSSC) with credit in Business Studies, Mathematics and English Language was below 50% (Eguridu, 2017). The same poor performances were equally recorded by students in the subsequent year 2017.

These ugly trends may have indicated the current worries among stakeholders on factors responsible for poor performance of students. All the blames tends to be attributed to teachers and school environment.

The stakeholders failed to consider students’ characteristics as contributory factors. Therefore, this ugly situation triggers the researcher to investigate students’ variables influence on their academic performance in Business Studies in secondary school students.

1.3     Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of the study was to examine the student’s variables and academic performance in Business Studies in secondary school students. Specifically, the study intended to find out:

(i)      Influence of gender on academic performance in Business Studies in secondary school students;

(ii)      Influence of age on academic performance in Business Studies in secondary school students; and

(iii)     Influence of learning style on academic performance in Business Studies in secondary school students.

1.4     Significance of the study

The findings of this study would help in the following ways:

• Firstly, the findings of this study would help the school counselors to frequently organize orientation study on Business Studies for the students.

• Secondly, the findings from this study would help parents to get more involved in the education of their children by giving them the necessary educational materials that would motivate them.
• This study would help the teachers to make both the school and classroom environment conducive, also to improve on their method of teaching and strategies which in turn motivate the students during the teaching-learning process.
• This study would help the school counselors to identify students whose personal traits affect the learning/study habits negatively, thus helping them to re-adjust themselves to ascertain effective participation to promote academic excellence. The students variables and academic performance in business studies in junior secondary schools.

• The findings of this study would help the students to be aware that their personal characteristics are key determinants of their learning outcome and these should be strictly observed for better learning result.
• The findings would also enable school administrators to provide a conducive working environment for counselors to exercise their professionalism that would be of help to students to re-adjust their negative personal variables towards effective learning of Business Studies.
• This research finding would stimulate further relevant researchers in the area or related area.
  

1.5     Research Questions

The following questions were formulated to guide the study in line with the objectives of the study.

• How does gender influence the academic performance of students in Business Studies?
• How does age influence the academic performance of students in Business Studies?
• How does learning style influence the academic performance of students in Business Studies?

1.6     Limitation of the Study

Lack of adequate funding and poor rural roads network limited the extent of this study. Also, the time given for the completion of this study limited the scope of this study. There was also challenge of finding relevant materials related to the study.

Operational Definition of Terms

Student’s variables: This is individual students physical characteristics such as gender, age and learning styles used in the study.

Gender: This is the sexual orientation of the student which is either a male or female.

Age:  An individual’s development measured in terms of the years requisite for like development of an average individual.

Learning style: In brief, this is a specific way used by students to get information. It is a style preferred by students to his/her learning. The students variables and academic performance in business studies in junior secondary schools.

Academic Achievement: This is the score of students in Examinations or Test.

Business Studies: The study of business studies is about how individuals and group of people organize, plan and act to create and develop goods and services for human consumption and satisfaction.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, there is clear indication that students’ characteristics such as gender, age and learning styles have significant influence on academic performance of students in school subjects including business studies in secondary schools. The students variables and academic performance in business studies in junior secondary schools.

The findings concluded that male students performed academically better than female students in business studies; students aged 14 years above performed academically better than students’ aged 12-14 years in business studies; and that students who adopted better learning style performed academically better than students who adopted lesser learning style in business studies in secondary schools.

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