SCHOOL VARIABLE AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Background to the Study
For many years, education and researcher have debated which school variables influence students’ achievement. As policy makers become more involved in school reform, this question takes on new importance since their many education related factors and learning outcome some research has suggested that “School bring little influence to bear upon a child’s achievement that is dependent of his/her background and general social content Coleman (2023).
Other evidences suggested that factors like class size, counselling rate, and location of school, school practical, teacher variables and other school variable may play an important role in what students learn.
Glass and Smith (2012), despite conventional wisdom that school input make little difference in student learning, a group of body of research suggests that school can make difference and substantial portion of what differences is attributable to other factors mention in the educational system, primary school is the key foundation of a child.
SCHOOL VARIABLE AND THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN MATHEMATICS
A child at primary level may be influence by many variable in the school, which lead to their poor academic performance even at the secondary level so, academic welfare of child are what the teacher should be taken as their priority in other to enhance the pupils academic performance in school.
According to Bernadette (2010) opine that no nation has even hoped to be reliant and build a dynamic economy when their people are wallowing in ignorance, superstition and object poverty.
The teaching learning process involves an away of interventional process at the centre of educational programmed Ekanem (2011). Moreso, intelligent is not the only determinant of academic pupils is always associated with the many components of learning environment.
According to Bosque and Dore (2013), learning and teaching environment ought to implement six functions, inform, communicate, collaborate, produce, scoffed and manage. They added that conceptually speaking the learning environment refer to the whole range of components and activities within which learning happens.
Based on the said beings (2010) the definition on the function of a learning environment can be goateed as “teacher component role is to provide something between loose guidance and direct instruction. It can be seen that school variable is a predictor variable of student’s performance in primary school.
Therefore, school variable are factor that affects the academic performance of pupils either positively or negatively. The large to determine empirical relationship between pupils performance and factors like school location, class size, school practical, counselling rate etc motivate this research study.
1.2Â Statement of the Problem
No two school are alike just like people within them, have different characteristics. The issues of poor academic performance of pupils in primary school has been of much that it has led to the widely talk about standard of education.
Learning Mathematics and other some subject can occur through school difference, school difference value the location in school, class size, school laboratory environment counselling rate, teaching method render in teachers, libraries, school management and so on. Also, it has been observed that there has been mass failure in Mathematics, among primary school pupils over the years. The school variable and their academic performance of pupils in mathematics.
This leads to low achievement in Mathematics and other service oriented subjects. It is therefore base on these conditions that the researcher seeks to find out other school variables such as the school location, class size, counselling rate and school laboratory could be responsible for these poor outing among pupils in primary school with a view to making recommendation base on researchers finding on the issue.
1.3Â Purpose of the Study
The aim of this study is to examine school variable and their academic performance of pupils in Mathematics. Specifically, it is:
- To determine the academic performance of pupils exposed to large class size and those expose to small class size in the learning of Mathematics.
- To determine the academic performance of pupils learn with the use of instructional materials and those learn without the use of instructional materials in the learning of Mathematics.
1.4Â Research Question
This study will attempt to provide answer to the following researcher questions.
- Is there any significant difference between the academic performance of pupils expose to large class size and those expose to small class size in the learning of Mathematics.
- Is there any significant difference between the academic performance of pupils learn with the use of instructional materials and those learn without the use of instructional materials in the learning of Mathematics.
1.5Â Research Hypotheses
- There is no significant difference between the academic performance of pupils expose to large class size and those expose to small class size in the learning of Mathematics.
- There is no significant difference between the academic performance of pupils learn with the use of instructional materials and those learn without the use of instructional materials in the learning of Mathematics.
1.6Â Significance of the Study
The study shall be useful in number of ways:
- The study will be significant in that it will enlighten parents and guardians of students on which school (school in urban area or schools in the rural area) would be effective to ensure excellent performance of students.
- It will help government and related bodies to class size in secondary schools. The school variable and their academic performance of pupils in mathematics.
- It will further help government particularly education administrators and science provider when making policies on the supply of laboratory facilities to secondary school.
- Finally, this research is hoped to serve as a related literature for those embarking on a future related study.
1.7Â Limitation of the Study
This study was restricted to financial constraints and other factors on the selected schools.
Definitions of Terms
School Variables: are factors that influence pupil’s academic performance in school either positively or negatively.
Class Size: The total population of pupils in a particular class room
Instructional Material: This can be defined as a teaching aids that facilitate effective teaching and learning process.
Academic Performance: A pupils achievement at school required in terms of grades or score obtained in a test or examination.
Conclusion
Based on the data collected and the result of the findings, it can be concluded that:
- There is a significant difference between the academic performance of pupils expose to large class size and those expose to small class size
- There is a significant difference between the academic performance of pupils learn with the use of counting stick and those learning without the use of counting stick.
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