PARENTAL SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS
PARENTAL SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Background to the Study
1.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Statement of the Problem
1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Purpose of the Study
1.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Research Questions
1.5Â Â Â Â Â Research Hypotheses
1.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Significance of the Study
1.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Scope/Delimitation of the Study
1.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Definition of Operational Terms
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Design of the Study
3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Population of the Study
3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Research Instrument
3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Validity of the Instrument
3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Reliability of the Instrument
3.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Administration of the Instrument
3.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Data Analysis Technique
CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Analyses of Data Results
4.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Summary of Major Findings
4.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Discussion of the Findings
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Summary
5.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Recommendations
5.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Suggestions for Further Studies
References
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The social climate or environment in which and individual finds him or herself to a large extent determines his or her behavour and personality development, consequently, parental guidance and discipline usually influence the behaviour of the children.
According to Coleman (2023), it is important that students come closely in contact with their parents during the period of infancy to adulthood. Moreover, the warmth which can only be provided by the parents give a student sense of belonging and affections which enhances their mental, physical, moral and educational growth. If students denied this much needed parental affection and warmth during the vital period of their life, they become negatively affected in all aspects of life and education.
Education is described as the best investment that one can ever make, as educated children will be able to have good jobs, meaningful life for themselves as well as increase the national productivity. In addition, The National policy on Education (2014) refers to education as the instrument of change. Education prepares one for life and it is a process of accumulating knowledge for future use. Therefore parenting role is to aid their ward to be educated.
However, socio-economic status refers to a person’s position in a given group, society or culture as determined by wealth, occupation, education and social class. Rusell (2017) opined that students whose parents are rich have both physical and psychological needs like every other student which when provided; contribute positively to their achievement in school. Thus, these needs include good food, a conducive atmosphere at home, a play ground and good educational aids like radio, newspapers, television and magazines in the home.
PARENTAL SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS
A student who has the above can perform well in school, but a student who is unfortunate not to have them because of the poor status of his parents both economically and otherwise stands the risk of relatively poor performance in school. Critically, academic performance describes the maximum level of performance which students attain in school academic activities if given very necessary support and opportunities by parents.
According to Peters (2022) the physical environment under which a child studies can influence his or her learning as well as academic performance in school. In this regard, parents have a lot to do to ensure that the mental, emotional and psychological balance, value orientation, aspiration and personality, as well as the academic status of students properly developed in life. The parental socio economic status and academic performance of secondary school students in economics.
Meanwhile, given the background, this study was conducted to substantiate the above divergent claims by determining the parental socio economic status and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
The increasing decline in students’ academic performance in Economics in both internal and external examinations in Abak Local Government Area is the major problem of this study. However, based on this there is need to investigate the relationship between parental socio-economics status which is one of the family variables that determines academic performance of students in secondary schools in our own environment. Besides, observations have shown that not all students are bright, some are dull, some average and few bright. The parental socio economic status and academic performance of secondary school students in economics.
The fact that some students perform poorly academically may not necessary be as a result of poor quality of teaching, and lack of basic teaching and learning facilities in the school. Therefore, be that it may, the researcher’s interest is to examine parental socio economic status and academic performance of secondary school students in Economics.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The major aim of this study was to find out how parental socio-economic status influence academic performance of secondary school students in Economics in Abak Local Government Area. Specifically, the objectives of the study are:
- To examine the influence of parental educational background on academic performance of students in Economics
- To asses the influence of parental income on academic performance of students in Economics.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The study of this nature is significant to the following individuals: parents, as it will make known to them, the number of children they should have and can cater for academically. It would also aid them to know the important of home training on their academic performance in school. The findings from this study would enable the teachers to adopt a variety of teaching methods so as to allow all categories of students to benefits from their teaching irrespective of parental economic background. Parental socio economic status and academic performance of secondary school students in economics.
Also, the findings from the study will remind policy makers and curriculum planners of the fact that students come from diversified cultural background, as such policies made and the curriculum should be planned with a reasonable amount of flexibility to cater for all the learners. The research work may also add to the existing knowledge base in order to provide the framework for further researchers in this area of study especially in Nigerian secondary schools.
1.5Â Â Â Research Questions
                  The following research questions were formulated for the study:
- To what extent does parental educational background influence academic performance of students in Economics?
- How does parental income influence academic performance of students in Economics?
1.6Â Â Â Research Hypotheses
The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:
- There is no significant difference between parental educational background and academic performance of students in Economics.
- There is no significant difference between parental income and academic performance of students in Economics.
1.7Â Â Limitation of the Study
This research is limited only to specific secondary schools in Abak Local Government Area. The limitation had to do with financial constraints which made the researcher unable to study all or a greater number of secondary schools in the study area.
Another constraint was time. Both the teachers and students were busy with serious academic activities which demanded their attention. Finally, the study is limited to only four selected secondary schools in the area under study due to transportation difficulties.
1.9Â Â Â Definition of Terms
Parents: In brief, this refers to a student’s father and mother who send their wards to school. Â
Socio-Economic Status: This refers to person’s position in a given group, society or culture as determined by wealth, occupation, education and social class.
Academic Performance: This is the school evaluation of students classroom work as quantified on the basis of marks or grades.
Educational Background: This refers to the educational qualification or attainment of the parents.
Income: This refers to the amount of money a parent receive on daily or monthly basis based on the type of job done which can be used in financing child’s education.
Economics: In brief, this is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. Â
Students: A person who is studying at school, especially at secondary schools. Â
Secondary School: Is an institution of learning after primary school education.
Conclusion
The conclusion of this study is based on the findings from data analysis. The study of parental socio-economic status and students’ academic performance in Economics reveals that:
- Firstly, there is a significant difference between parental educational background and academic performance of students in Economics.
- Secondly, there is a significant difference between parental income and academic performance of students in Economics.
Generally, there is need therefore, for all hands to be on desk, especially the parents, head of secondary schools, teachers, educational planners and policy makers towards building the educational life of these secondary school students for better academic performance in Economics and many other school subjects.
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