PARENTAL BACKGROUND AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

PARENTAL BACKGROUND AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgments

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION  

1.1    Background to the Study

1.2    Statement of the Problem

1.3    Purpose of the Study

1.4    Significance of the Study

1.5    Research Questions

1.6   Hypotheses of the Study

1.7    Delimitation of the Study

1.8   Limitation of the Study

1.9    Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:          REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE:       RESEARCH METHODS

3.1    Area of the Study

3.2    Research Design

3.3    Population of the Study

3.4    Sample and Sampling Technique

3.5    Instrument for Data Collection

3.6    Validation of the Instrument

3.7    Reliability of Instrument

3.8    Administration of the Instrument

3.9    Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1    Data Analysis

4.2    Discussion of Findings

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1    Summary

5.2    Recommendations

5.3    Conclusion

5.4    Suggestions for further Study

References

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background to the Study

It is an incontestable fact that every child belongs to a home. The home provides what a learner takes with him/her to school and the large society.

Apart from serving as a breeding ground for human continuity in life, the family is equally seen as the fundamental unit in human society which sets the socialization process on course. Therefore, the role of the family in the, moral social, educational and general upbringing of children cannot be over-emphasized.

In fact, the home lays the foundation for goals and achievement in the life of children. A child first learns what is right or wrong through the values that are considered most important and otherwise by the society by emulating the parents.

The child often imitate the parents, but even if it does not, he/she would be deeply influence by them (Oloto, 2019). Consequently, disciplined and indiscipline behaviours among children are function of the home.

Most parents encourage indiscipline conducts among their wards when they fail to teach appropriate societal norms and values. They have a significant role to play in the behaviour modification process of children even before the teachers in school.

PARENTAL BACKGROUND AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

Accordingly, the family background of children has a significant influence on their level of academic achievement in school. This is because a child from a relatively poor background may not be able to compete with his/her counterparts from a rich background who have been provided with the basic educational materials needed for effective studies both at home and in school (Ezewu, 2023).

Provision of functional education for the children in this present economic depression has been of great concern to parents and guardians.

The home environment is a strong indicator to the aspiration and academic achievement of our children, this is because most children education are now confronted with a lot of increasing challenges as a result of home climate of which socio-economic background has a strong influence. In a privilege situation, the home is able to provide more than minimum requirement for good learning situation.

Accordingly, Richard (2017) started that the standard of living is high and the material comfort provided may be bountiful in a rich home children in the home have all the necessary opportunity for good education although it is not impossible that the child may fail to make full use of the educational facilities available if the parents do not show concern and supervise their daily school work.

However, in depressed socio-economic background, it is difficult for children to learn much as a result of lack of educational materials such as textbooks. It parents themselves are too poor, they may not able to equip the home in such a way that the child derives great educational advantages from it. Such parents are often faced with the problem of feeding and clothing with little or no interest in the education of their wards. To this end, this study aimed to examine parental background and academic performance of students in secondary schools.

1.2   Statement of the Problem   

It has been observed with dismay the decline in the level of academic achievement of students in school subjects especially Agricultural Science. In fact the effectiveness and the realization of the goals and objectives of teaching and learning of Agricultural science in schools have been jeopardized by the abysmal performance of students in the subject.

Moreover, findings have shown that among the possible factors responsible for the downward trend in level of achievement of students in school in their family background. This is true because learners from poor parental background. May not be able to study effectively as compared to their counterparts from rich parental background who are given the right atmosphere for effective students through the provision of textbooks and other sundry educational materials. Therefore, this study aimed to examine parental background and academic performance of students in secondary schools.

1.3   Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study was to examine parental background and academic performance of students in secondary schools. Specifically, the objectives include to:

(i)     examine parental socio-economic background and students’ academic performance.

(iii)    examine parental educational background and students’ academic performance.

(iii)    examine family size and students’ academic performance in Agricultural science.

1.4   Research Questions

The following research questions were raised in line with the specific objective of the study.

(i)     To what extent is the difference in the academic performance of students from high socio-economic background and those from low socio-economic background?

(ii)    To what extent is the difference in the academic performance of students whose parents are educated and their counterparts whose parents are not educated?

(iii)    To what extent is the difference in the academic performance of students from small family size and their counterparts from large family size?

1.5   Hypotheses of the Study             

The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.

(I) There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students from high socio-economic background and those from low socio-economic background.

(ii) There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students whose parents are educated and their counterparts whose parents are not educated.

(iii) There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students from small family size and their counterparts from large family size.

1.6   Significance of the Study

The findings of this study would be of immense benefits to teachers, parents, students, academic institutions, and the society at large in the following ways:

(i)     Firstly, it will reveal if the performance of students in Agricultural Science is influenced by their family background.

(ii)    Secondly, it will provide an in depth knowledge of parental background variables that influence pupils academic performance in schools.

(iii)    Also, it will help government to plan and implement appropriate support programmes and provide equal access to education for all categories of learners to reduce burden on parents especially those with large family size and the extremely poor ones.

(iv)   It will add to the existing literature on parental background in relation to students’ academic performance.

(v)    Lastly, it will serve as a reference materials and a spring-board for further research on parental background and students’ academic performance not only in Agricultural Science but other school subjects.

Operational Definition of Terms  

The following terms used in the study were operationally defined by the researcher as explained below:

Parents: A person’s father or mother.

Parental Background: The general conditions of one’s family especially the socio-economic status of the parents.

Socio-Economic Background: Amount one’s income or how wealthy a person is.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, it could be concluded that family variables –Socio-economic background, parental educational background and family size have significant influence on students’ academic performance.

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Peter Hezekiah

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