INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE LEARNING OF GOVERNMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE LEARNING OF GOVERNMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
List of tables
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Delimitation of the study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Area
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.5 Instrument
3.6 Validation of Instrument
3.7 Administration of the Instrument
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Research Question I
4.2 Research Question II
4.3 Research Question III
4.4 Research Question IV
4.5 Summary of Findings
4.6 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestion for Further Research
References
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Information and Communication technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term, that stresses the role of unified communication and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), Computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio- visual system, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
Moreover, according to Bushati, Barolli, Dibbra and Haveri (2020) information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics – based combination of computing and telecommunications.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE LEARNING OF GOVERNMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Furthermore, the presence of technology in every aspect of our life in the XXI century faces up the people all around the world with new choices, opportunities and challenges that has parallel emerged and developed, have created a new global economy powered by ICT and driven by knowledge. While ICT has had great impact on this “revolution” of the global economy, traditional teaching and learning paradigms have been shaken by the impact of ICT integration in education Buohati, Vidaceh – Hains, Barolli and Gorishti, 2022).
Indeed, the ultimate goal of education as have been manipulated, is to inculcate in the youth, or learner the desire to discover his abilities, get along with others, assert his rights, earn a living and perform his duties as a citizen. However, for that matter, education has been described as the process. Thus, there are three directions the ICT development has taken, namely, Connectivity, Interactivity and Multimedia. Also, these developments have held ICT in high heights.
Connectivity: The connection of computers to one another by a Communication line in order to provide online information access and or the sharing of peripheral devices. This has made it possible for email and online shopping.
Interactivity: A two way communication – in which case, a user can respond to information he or her receives and modify what a exchange or dialogue between the responds to user requests.
Multimedia: Radio is a single – dimensional medium (sound), as is most email (mainly text). In multimedia, the technology presents information in more than one medium. It can be text, pictures, around, video or animation in a single integrated communication of preparing the learning for useful living within the society and preparation for higher education.
On our age, young people, more than ever before have been afforded the advantage of a systematic education that has opened their mind to a vast array of facts and notions about themselves and the physical world they live in. Government, as a school subject, is the act or process of governing, especially, the administration of public policy in a political unit or political jurisdiction. Information communication technology and the learning of government in secondary schools.
The main objective being to highlight to students a system or policy by which a political unit is governed so as to prepare them for useful living within the society. Sometimes referred and called “political science”, the institution of government has existed with the creation, though with variations between the countries.
There are many factors in a school setting that determines the effective learning of subjects; these variables at times act in combination with each other to produce the observed level of learning. Generally, the variables are those of heredity and environment.
Indiscipline on the part of students, poor student/teacher relationship, bad method of teaching and poor staffing condition can lead to low standard of education. High standard of education can be attributed to ICT facilities, good method of teaching, good staffing and teachers effectiveness. The home variables of parents determine the schools and the learning of government.
A child from the upper and middle socio-economic class enters the school with an initial advantage. He comes from a background where feeding is good, books are provided, there is availability of ICT, he is emotionally stable and this gives him a positive self-image which tends to enhance learning in school. on the other hand, a child from the lower socio-economic class is disadvantaged from the outset. The child is disturbed by worries of money to buy learning materials such as books, uniforms, soap etc. Hence, his learning in school is greatly deprived.
ICT is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technology, and more into integration of other technology such as the use of cell phones, television, automobiles, and more. A student from the deprived background cannot have these facilities.
ICT can affect in the spread of education and enable greater access to it. Moreover, they increase flexibility so that students can access educational resources regardless of time, space and geographical barriers. In fact, they can affect the way that students are given instructions and how they learn. Also, they enable collaborative development of skills and abilities to create knowledge. This as a result, will bring a better preparation for students and lifelong learning.
ICT can improve the quality of learning and the overall economy (Bhattacharya and Sharma 2017). In addition, according to UNESCO (2022) ICT is considered the most powerful means for learning education in this century. This is as true that today it has opened a debate that it has changed the classical meaning of learning. Hence it became necessary to ask “How does ICT influence the learning of government in secondary schools ?” This study was an attempt to examine information communication technology and the learning of government in secondary schools.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Specifically, one of the major tents of the Nigerian philosophy of education is the building of a just and egalitarian society and a land bright and full of opportunities for all citizens (FRN, 2014). The implies the provision of equality of educational opportunities for all children. In view of the fact that studies by Eke (2023) has shown that there is a certain correlation between learning and economic status, the problem arises to find out if this relationship exists between students who learn though the influence of ICT. The problem also exists to find out whether all students from poor homes who have no facilities of ICT tend to learn Government and perform lower than those from rich homes with ICT.
Another problem is whether parents with high socio-economic status create an enriched environment by use of ICT that would enable their wards to learn Government well in schools. Generally, the problem is that of finding out whether by use of ICT, students nowadays learn Government better in secondary schools in Okobo Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The purpose of the study was to examine information communication technology and the learning of government in secondary schools. Specifically, the study sought to:
(i) Find out whether students from wealthy homes, with ICT facilities. Perform better academically than those from poverty stricken homes.
(ii) Find out to what extent does an ICT facility influence the learning of Government in Secondary Schools.
(iii) Find out if the provision of learning facilities by the parents affect the learning of Government in Secondary Schools.
(iv) Find out why the academic background of parents affect the learning of Government in Secondary Schools.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Due to the fact that low academic performance in our country has been attributed to poor educational facilities, administration, students indiscipline and poor staff condition, the researcher is encouraged to carry out this study to make parents and government to be aware of the need of ICT facilities for the learning of Government. This study is significant in the following ways:
(i) Firstly, parent will know that excessive of inadequate financial support to a child may lead him/her to some indulgences or constitute and important variable that may affect the learning of Government.
(ii) Secondly, the school administrators to see the need to provided adequate instructional facilities in schools to cater for the needs of children from deprived homes. Information communication technology and the learning of government in secondary schools.
(iii) Furthermore, it will create awareness among teachers about the effect of home background on students learning of Government.
(iv) In addition, school counselors will be able to solve students’ academic, emotional and social problems in schools.
(v) Lastly, it will help parents that normally exhibit negative or positive attitudes towards their children’s progress in schools.
1.5 Research Questions
This study will attempt to provide answers to the following questions.
(i) Do students from wealthy homes, with use of ICT facilities learn Government better than those from poverty stricken homes?
(ii) To what extent does the socio-economic status of the parents influence the learning of Government?
(iii) Does the provision of learning facilities by the parents influence the learning of Government?
(iv) Does the academic background of the parents affect students’ learning of Government?
Definition of Terms
Students: A person who is studying at a University or College. It also means a person who is studying at a school, especially a secondary school.
Socio-economic status: In brief, this is synonymous with social class and refers to one’s position in the social strata as determined by wealth, education and at times, circumstances of birth. It means also the person’s level of income in the society.
Parents: This refers to the father and mother that beget or bring forth a child. Parents can be natural or adopted. All organisms that produce or generate another. Guardians, protectors are also noted as the sources or causes of something – the origin.
Conclusion
The family is the first social unit that the child meets on the members of the family for sustenance at the early years of life. His education and upbringing depends on the family. Parents form perhaps the greatest sources of influence in the family on children. They are responsible for the upbringing and socialization of the children. Much of the influence of parents on children is felt in the area of education. Information communication technology and the learning of government in secondary schools.
Parents are of different socio-economic levels. Their levels of education, type of housing, income, occupation and general standard of living differ and all these tend to have influences on their ability to provide for their children in terms of supervision, learning materials and feeding. This in the final analysis also affect the learning of their children when they get to the secondary schools.
As found in this study, students of wealthy parents tend to perform better in learning and academic performance on the average than those from poor homes. Students whose parents provide learning materials for them also tend to perform better than others. The implication then is that parents should try as much as possible to provide for their children so that they would be able to learn well.
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