EFFECT OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL ON CHARCOAL CONSUMPTION IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Background to the Study
1.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Statement of the Problem
1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Purpose of the Study
1.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Research Questions
1.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Hypotheses
1.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Significance of the Study
1.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Scope/Delimitation of the Study
1.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Definition of Operational Terms
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Design of the Study
3.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Population of the Study
3.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Research Instrument
3.5Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Validity of the Instrument
3.6Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Reliability of the Instrument
3.7Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Administration of the Instrument
3.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Data Analysis Technique
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Analyses of Data Results
4.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Summary of Major Findings
4.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Discussion of the Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Summary
5.2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Recommendations
5.4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Suggestions for Further Studies
References
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Background to the Study
Undeniably, the fact that the fuel subsidy removal is biting hard on people, electricity is not regularly supplied, people do not have any other means to cook than gas; it is now becoming what they cannot afford and it therefore means our forest will suffer for it.
At the moment, controversy has continued to trail pricing of Cooking Gas, just as marketers warns that prices may further deepen. Cooking gas currently costs beÂtween N1,000 and N1,200 per kiloÂgramme across the country and there are fears that the price may rise further due to scarcity, which marketers attribute to supply interruption.
Zaria, a vibrant city within Kaduna State, Nigeria, mirrors the country’s reliance on subsidized fuel. The recent removal of these subsidies has sparked crucial shifts in energy consumption patterns, particularly concerning alternative sources such as charcoal. Edet (2017) highlights that charcoal has historically been a prevalent and cost-effective energy choice for households in Zaria, especially for cooking and heating purposes.
EFFECT OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL ON CHARCOAL CONSUMPTION
Charcoal, a prevalent alternative energy source in Zaria and many other regions in Nigeria, has historically served as a cost-effective option for households, particularly for cooking and heating purposes (Edet, 2017). Moreover, the recent removal of fuel subsidies introduces a dynamic where charcoal, perceived as a more affordable option amidst escalating fuel prices, could experience a surge in demand (Akinbami & Mabogunje, 2013).
This transition in energy consumption, however, holds multifaceted implications that extend beyond mere cost considerations. Socio-economically, the increased reliance on charcoal might disproportionally affect lower-income households, potentially leading to heightened financial strain and a shift in spending priorities (Adegbulugbe, 2023).
The removal of fuel subsidies introduces a pivotal dynamic, potentially prompting a surge in charcoal consumption due to its perceived cost advantage over newly expensive fuel alternatives (Akinbami & Mabogunje, 2013). This shift, while seemingly addressing short-term economic concerns, carries multifaceted implications that span socio-economic, environmental, and health domains. The effect of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria.
Socio-economically, the increased reliance on charcoal could drastically impact household expenditures. Adegbulugbe (2003) emphasizes that households, particularly those with lower income brackets, may face heightened financial strain as they adapt to altered energy cost structures. This shift could necessitate a reevaluation of spending patterns, potentially affecting essentials such as food and education.
Furthermore, from an environmental standpoint, the surge in charcoal consumption could accelerate deforestation, posing significant ecological challenges. Edet (2017) notes the inherent link between charcoal production and deforestation, indicating a potential environmental crisis should charcoal consumption escalate unchecked. The effect of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria.
Moreover, the health implications stemming from increased charcoal use cannot be understated. Akinbami & Mabogunje (2013) stress that heightened indoor air pollution due to charcoal burning could exacerbate respiratory ailments, particularly impacting women and children who predominantly manage household activities.
This study, centered on assessing the ramifications of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria, seeks to comprehensively understand the socio-economic, environmental, and health repercussions. Through empirical analysis and qualitative assessments, the research aims to provide insights crucial for policy formulation and intervention strategies. These insights hold promise in guiding policymakers toward sustainable energy alternatives and mitigating adverse effects within the region (Adegbulugbe, 2003; Edet, 2017).
In addition, Nigeria, historically dependent on fuel subsidies, has faced considerable economic implications upon their removal. Adegbulugbe (2003) underscores the significance of these subsidies in stabilizing the country’s economy by supporting various sectors, from transportation to industries.
However, the subsidy’s removal has been an inevitable decision influenced by economic reforms aimed at fiscal sustainability (Akinbami & Mabogunje, 2013). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
1.2Â Â Statement of the Problem
It has been observed, households in and restaurants in Nigeria are turning to firewood and charcoal after surge in gas prices doubled the price for cooking gas, known as Liquified Petroleum Gas, LPG. Moreover, it is a fact that, the removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria has resulted in increased fuel prices in Nigeria including Zaria, Kaduna State, potentially driving a shift towards greater use of charcoal as an alternative energy source. This transition poses challenges across socio-economic, environmental, and health aspects. The effect of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria.
However, socio-economic concerns arise due to the impact on lower-income households facing heightened financial strain from increased energy costs. Thus, environmental worries stem from the potential escalation of charcoal use leading to deforestation and ecological damage. Additionally, there are health risks associated with heightened indoor air pollution resulting from increased charcoal burning. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of fuel subsidy removal on charcoal consumption in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Conclusion
Based on findings of the study, It is concluded that, the removal of fuel subsidies in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, has set forth a significant energy transition marked by increased charcoal consumption. Thus, this shift brings forth intertwined challenges encompassing socio-economic, environmental, and health dimensions. Therefore, the potential strain on lower-income households, environmental degradation from heightened charcoal use, and health hazards due to increased indoor air pollution call for urgent attention.
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