CULTURAL AFFLICTION IN FLORA NWAPA’S ONE IS ENOUGH AND NAWAL EL-SAADAWI’S WOMAN AT POINT ZERO
CULTURAL AFFLICTION IN FLORA NWAPA’S ONE IS ENOUGH AND NAWAL EL-SAADAWI’S WOMAN AT POINT ZERO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope and delimitation of the study
1.6 Research Methodology
1.7 Objective of the study
1.8 Bio-Data of Flora Nwapa
1.9 Bio-Data of Nawal –El Saadawi
1.10 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER THREE: CULTURAL AFFLICTION IN NWAPA’S ONE IS ENOUGH
3.1 Analysis of One is Enough
3.2 The theme of childlessness
3.3 Nwapa’s style of writing in One is Enough
3.4 Characterization in Nwapa’s One is Enough
CHAPTER FOUR: CULTURAL AFFLICTION IN SAADAWI’S WOMAN AT POINT ZERO
4.1 Analysis of Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero
4.2 The themes in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero Sexual
Exploitation
4.3 The style in Saadawis Woman at Point Zero
4.4 Characterization in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Works Cited
ABSTRACT
This study examines the effects of cultural affliction in Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Nawal El-Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero. Based on the finding of this study, is it discovered that there are obnoxious cultural practices in Africa. The study also exposes how women go through oppression, affliction patriarchal domination and male chauvinism. It also affects them psychologically and emotionally.
Findings also revealed that in Nwapa’s One is Enough, the woman suffers untold humiliation, embarrassment and oppression in the hands of her husband and her mother in– law because her marriage is bereft of children. Nwapa portrays these forces of oppression and injustices that enslave women in Africa so she writes for fair and human treatment of the female gender especially on issues that demand societal understanding, sympathy and consolation for the women in the society.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Indeed, the privilege of man in African societies has involved and ensure of identified and subjectivities of many women, holding them to an assumption of female inferiority.
However, to counter the injustice and the obnoxious cultural afflictions imposed to the female folk. Indeed, African female writers like flora Nwapa, Buchi Emecheta, Ngozi Adichie and Ama Ata Aidoo and the rest of others have engaged in the theatrical prerogatives strategies designed to reconstitute the cultural erasures as they try to claim status as individuals.
Moreover, these female writers write about cultural humiliation, domination, and discrimination which the female gender passes through.
Furthermore, the study of women in general and African women in particular contributed to the breadth and depth of knowledge and theorizing of African realities in a number of ways.
Secondly, the position of women in comparison to men is the product of gender norms of society which have valued the males more than the females, and ignores women experiences. Consequently, these issues examined attempt to portray the cultural affliction in the selected works of Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero.
For instance, in Nwapa’s One is Enough, Amaka suffers untold humiliation, embarrassment, and oppression in the hands of her husband and her mother – in – law because her marriage is bereft of children.
Through the ugly experiences of Amaka on the account of childlessness, Nwapa portray this forces of oppression and injustice that enslave women in Africa and she also write as a call for fair and human treatment of the second gender especially in issues that demand societal understanding, sympathy and consolation for the women in the society.
Furthermore, looking at Saadawi’s point of view on cultural affliction in the society in Women at Point Zero Firdaus is oppressed and humiliated by her pimp. Firdaus liberation came with violent … Killing of her oppressor. But due to the patriarchal society, “Firdaus liberation is punished with execution (102).
From the existence it is clear that female genders are really afflicted due to the obnoxious cultural practices in Africa. Therefore, cultural practices favour the men folks and afflict pains to the females as seen in the characters.
CULTURAL AFFLICTION IN FLORA NWAPA’S ONE IS ENOUGH AND NAWAL EL-SAADAWI’S WOMAN AT POINT ZERO
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The continues subordination, humiliation and oppression of women are further aggravated by traditions, cultural beliefs and religions of most societies which favour patriarchy is portrayed by Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Nawal Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero.
These novels also portray the cultural practices such as polygamy female genital mutilation and sexual abuse in the life of the characters wider study.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The main purpose of this study is to examine how cultural affliction in Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero affect the characters in the two novels negatively.
1.4 Significance of the study
This study will be of significance to the entire African societies. Especially, to the women and how the culture favours the men and discriminate against the women the findings of this work will also be of benefits to the government in order to look into these issues women go through.
The study will also be of good sources for researchers who would want to research on the writings of Nwapa and Saadawi.
1.5 Scope and delimitation of the study
The scope of this work will be limited to Nwapa’s One is enough and Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero.
1.6 Research Methodology
The main sources in this research is library research which Nwapa’s One is Enough and Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero as the primary texts the secondary sources of the study will examine critical literature works from library, article and internet sources for more information in the study.
1.7 Objective of the Study
The following objectives of the study are:
(i) to investigate the consequences and its effects of cultural afflictions in the characters of the novels under study.
(ii) to examine the main causes of this cultural affliction in African societies.
(iii) to profess proper solutions and eradicate the effects of cultural affliction affecting the women in this contemporary African societies.
CONCLUSION
This research has successfully examined how Flora Nwapa’s One is Enough and Nawal Sadawi’s Woman at Point Zero. Indeed, African female writers who are now very conscious of the second class position the African tradition now uses their work of art in fighting against this some cultural practices that affect the women’s state of health. They also write to directing and changing the roles and image that African tradition and what their male counterparts impose on them.
Therefore, this point buttress Molara, Ogundipe-Leslie portrays in her essay entitled, The Female Writer and Her Commitment she says, “ the female writer should be committed in three ways: as a writer, as a woman and as a Third world person ;and her biological womanhood is implicated in all three.
This point further make female writer like Mbye Cham to maintain that, female writer like “Flora Nwapa is more interested in probing the disturbing phenomenon of victims victimizing victims “(96).
Therefore, Flora Nwapa and Saadawi’s works are now changing some beliefs and myths that are responsible for women’s predicaments. They also portray the African women in real life situation are courageous, independent, determined and a very good source from which their husbands get advice and supports. Therefore, some cultural practices should be aborted, and men should also love treat their wives with respect.
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