CLASSROOM VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONEÂ Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Background to the Study
1.2 Â Â Â Statement of the Problem
1.3 Â Â Â Purpose of the Study
1.4 Â Â Â Research Questions
1.5 Â Â Â Research Hypotheses
1.6 Â Â Â Significance of the Study
1.7 Â Â Â Delimitation of the Study
1.8 Â Â Â Limitation of the Study
1.9 Â Â Â Basic Assumption of the Study
1.10 Â Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWOÂ Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREEÂ –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Â Â Â Research Design
3.2 Â Â Â Area of the Study
3.3 Â Â Â Population of the Study
3.4 Â Â Â Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.5 Â Â Â Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Â Â Â Validation of the Instrument
3.7 Â Â Â Reliability of the Instrument
3.8 Â Â Â Scoring of the Instrument
3.9 Â Â Â Administration of Instrument
3.10 Â Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOURÂ Â -DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1Â Â Â Â Testing Of Research Hypotheses
4.2Â Â Â Â Discussion of Finding
CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Â Â Â Summary of the Findings
5.2 Â Â Â Recommendations
5.3Â Â Â Â Conclusion
5.4 Â Â Â Suggestions for Further Research
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Â Â Â Â Background to the Study
A country desires overall national development invest adequately in education her citizens at all levels having recognized the fact that the national development hangs on qualitative education the quality of higher education depends on the classroom variables which – would vividly helps to improve the academic performance of students. Individual acquire knowledge either formally or informally, the purpose of which is to enable the individual becomes useful to himself and the society at large. Education whether formal or informal usually creates an opportunity for the development of the tripartite man which enable the individual to live a desirable life in the society (Udoukpong, 2023).
However, according to Ikpe (2020), this is why education is seen as very significant industry and veritable tool for national development by countries of the world and this explains why priority attention is paid by countries, government, states, communities and individual to ensure and develop it in all ramifications.
CLASSROOM VARIABLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS
Education generally takes place anywhere (formal and informal). But formal education specifically takes place in the schools, the school like every other social system constitute learning environment which is made up of part that work inter and intra-dependently towards the attainment of common goal.
However, these inter-dependent parts includes all aspect in the teaching and learning process (Udoukpong, 2023). Specifically, classroom variable are among the most frequently addressed topic for teacher in service, from teachers, educators and researcher becomes teachers’ ability to effectively manage the classroom, organized instruction, are basic component of teaching.
Moreover, classroom variables have strong potential$ to influence student academic performance and learning positively. They are paramount concern for any teacher especially movie and teacher who are contemporary now to adopt new instructional approach for the first time (Nsian, 2022). In fact, there are many studies indicating that classroom variable encompass a broad range of educational concepts, including the physical setting, psychological environment create through social context and numerous instructional component related to teachers’ characteristics and behaviours. Therefore, based on this background, this study aimed to examine classroom variables and academic performance of students in economics.
1.2 Â Â Â Statement of the Problem
There are still unprecedented poor academic performances among Economics students in Nigeria secondary schools, specifically in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area. Despite the effort of teacher, government and parents towards effective learning of school subjects by the students.
A lot of reasons have been advanced for this menace, particularly with regards to the human factors, such as teacher attitude to teaching and general administration of the school system by the school heads, this situation in education sub-sectors has continued to hamper the growth and development of the better human beings as product from educational institutions. Classroom variables and academic performance of students in economics.
However, in this study, the students’ perception of the subject matter and student efforts in improving their academic performance. To attain good academic performance Nkang (2022) observed that much has not been done in the area of orientation, counseling and guide lance of the students, and that students still felts that their poor academic performance is absolutely cause by these factors. Indeed, no researcher seems to be interested in investigating other factors which could influence the students’ academic performance in Economics. In general, the problem of this study is to examine classroom variables and academic performance of students in economics.
1.3 Â Â Â Purpose of the Study
The general purpose of this study was to examine classroom variables and academic performance of students in economics. Specifically, the study sought:
- To examine how adequate learning facilities in the classroom affects the academic performance of students in Economics.
- To assess the influence of class size on students academic performance in Economics
- To what extent does library facilities in the school affect the academic performance of student in Economics.
1.4 Â Â Â Research Questions
The following research questions were formulated to guide the study in the process of data collection and analysis.
(ii)Â Â Â Â Â To what extent does adequate learning facilities in the classroom affects the academic performance of students in Economics?
(ii) Â Â Â Â How does class size influence the academic performance of students in Economics?
(iii) Â Â Â To what extent does library facilities in the school affects the academic performance of students in Economics?
1.5 Â Â Â Research Hypotheses
In order to provide the necessary answers to the above research questions the following research hypotheses were postulated in the study:
- There is no significant difference in academic performance in economic between students in school with adequate learning facilities and those in schools with inadequate learning facilities.
- Students in large class size do not differ from their counterpart in small class size in their academic performance in Economics
- There is no significant difference in academic performance in Economics between students in the schools with adequate library facilities and those with inadequate library facilities
1.6 Â Â Â Significance of the Study
Without reservation, the finding of this study would be significant to the teachers, students, educators, education, administrators, the Government and the society at large who need to understand the factor which affects the students’ academic performance in the school system.
Most especially in the field of Economics is because it will help them to work toward providing conducive classroom for the learners to elicit and improved academic performance. Classroom variables and academic performance of students in economics.
The identification of those classrooms, variables will also help educational planners and curriculum designers to update the curriculum and make good use of suggestions given in the study.
Furthermore, the finding of this study will help to determine the implications of the classroom variables which influence student academic performance in Economics.
These findings will also serves as a reference points for the future researchers who are conducting their researches related to this area of the study.
1.7Â Â Â Basic Assumption of the Study
In this study, the basic assumptions made about were as follows:
- The issues raised in this study regarding those variables would provide unbiased information concerning the findings other than classroom variables.
- Also, it is assume that there are observable features that could be identified as classroom variables
- It is also assume that evaluation instruction can be designed which will measure senior secondary school student’s academic performance in Economics
- It is also assume that the finding of this study would help to improve the academic performance of students in Economics
Definition of Terms
Classroom Variable: As used in the study refers to as t hose things that are presence in the classroom which could help to promote the effective teaching and learning process.
Class size: In brief, in the study refers to as the number of students in the class offering Economics
Adequate Learning Facilities: As used in the study refers to instructional material, teaching aids, seats, table, chalkboard as well as duster and chalk.
Infrastructural facilities: In brief, these include school building, classroom library and laboratory which could help to improve the academic performance of students.
Academic performance: As used in the study has to do with the scores obtained by the students in the test, assignment and examination. Moreover, it can be good or bad academic performance exhibited the student.
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