CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – i
Dedication – – – – – – – – ii
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – iii
Certification – – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – vi
Table of Contents – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – 5
1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – 6
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – 7
1.5 Research Hypothesis – – – – – 7
1.6 Significance of the Study – – – – – 7
1.7 Delimitation of the Study – – – – – 8
1.8 limitation of the Study – – – – – 9
1.9 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 9
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Area of the Study – – – – – – 23
3.2 Research Design – – – – – – 24
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – 25
3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique – – – – 25
3.5 Instrument for data Collection – – – – 25
3.6 Validation of the Instrument – — – – 26
3.7 Reliability of the Instrument – – – – 26
3.8 Administration of Instrument – — — – 27
3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – — – – 28
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis and Presentation – – – – 29
4.2 Discussion of Findings – – – – – 41
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – 44
5.2 Recommendations – – – – – – 46
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – 47
5.4 Suggestions for further study – – – – 50
References – – – – – – – 51
Appendix – – – – – – – 55
ABSTRACT
The study investigated Classroom Management Techniques and Students’ Academic Performance in Economics in Secondary School in Uyo Local Government Area. The population of the study is three thousand and eight (3008) Economics students in senior secondary two (SS2) from the thirteen (13) public secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area.
A structured questionnaire titled “Classroom Management Technique and Academic Performance of Students Questionnaire (CMTAPSQ)” and Students’ Economics Achievement Test (EAT) were the main instruments for data collection. However, the research design was a quasi-experimental design. Thereafter, data were analyzed using Mean, Standard deviation and independent test statistic.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Management in the classroom has to be done in a systematic and orderly manner. It needs to be well handled by teachers (Ekanem, 2016). There has to be a smooth and effective way of handling the class through the process of controlling, supervising, planning, mobilizing of various resources. It is the process of utilizing diverse techniques to execute the educational policies in order to realize the ultimate objective of learning.
Without reservation, classroom is the power room in which the objective are dissected and coupled through different processes of teaching and learning; to encourage hard work. Thus, student themselves can be appointed to assist the teacher as the teacher assign responsibilities to them, they are been trained as leaders to tomorrow.
However, in secondary schools, there several classroom management techniques. According to Omenka and Otor (2015) include the method of maintaining of discipline, motivational teaching methods, leadership styles, use of instructional materials and communication. For instance, disturbance during class will demand the students to answer certain question based on the lesson before he or she sat down.
Moreover, another way of ensuring discipline is rearrangement of sitting, position among students. The authors concluded that discipline is a classroom management technique that teachers in secondary schools must adopt since some secondary schools student are in their period of adolescent which is characterized as a period of stress and storm.
The use of motivational teaching method such as the use of class activities which enhance participatory learning where the students are being engage during and after the lesson. This could also involve the use of class discussion.
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ECONOMICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
According to Akpan (2013), the use of motivational teaching method is a classroom management technique which stimulates students to take actions that will enhance their learning and that technique does not allow students to be lazy. Akpan added that the teacher can use reward learners in order to increase the probability of reporting the desired behaviour.
Moreover, Udoudo (2016) is of the vein that the leadership style of teachers is another variable use in measuring the classroom management technique of the teachers.
The author added that the three leadership style passed by the teacher influence the students performance in the classroom during lesson. For instance, a teacher who adopt democratic leadership style will have his or her students involved in the decision making during lesson presentation. Also, an autocratic leadership style when adopted by the teacher make the student to learn with fear without having deep understanding of who he or she is learning and also that laisser faire classroom leadership style.
In addition, the influence the students’ performance as the students are given freedom to do whatever they like in the classroom. This therefore means that the leadership style adopted by secondary school teacher. This therefore formed the background for the researcher to investigate classroom management technique adopted by the teacher as it influence student’s academic performance in economics in secondary in Uyo Local Government Area.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Indeed, the importance of appropriate classroom management technique in the realization of educational objectives cannot be over emphasized. The classroom management techniques used in the classroom such as maintenance of classroom discipline provide training of the students on respect for authority and obeying set out rules and responsibilities which if imbibed by the students may increase their learning process. Also, the uses of motivational teaching methods make learning to be students centered and encourage students’ participation as they take part in class activities.
Similarly the leadership style adopted in the classroom also influence the participation of students in the class as some students like learning in environment that they are free to contribute during teaching learning process.
However, classrooms which have adequate learning activities assist in maintaining the zeal of the class and arouse the students’ interest in learning. Students’ interest can be arouse either by inner or external stimulus and motivation can be used to arouse students’ interest either by using rewards and indentures or by setting up class activities which make the students to be involved in the learning process which thereby increase students’ learning.
This therefore motivated the researcher to investigate whether these behaviour have significant influence on students’ academic performance in school as he or she carryout this present study on classroom management technique and students’ academic performance in Economics in secondary in Uyo Local Government Area.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to investigate classroom management techniques and students academic performance in Economics in secondary schools.
Specifically the study is meant to:
(i) Investigate the use of class activities and students academic performance in Economics in Secondary School.
(ii) Investigate teacher’s leadership styles and student academic performance in Economics in Secondary School.
1.4 Research Questions
(i) To what extent does use of class activities influence the student academic performance in Economics?
(ii) To what extent does teacher’s leadership style influence the students’ academic performance in Economics in secondary school?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
(i) There is no significant difference in the use of class activities on students’ academic performance in Economics in Secondary School.
(ii) There is no significant different in teacher’s leadership style on students’ academic performance in Economics in Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study shall be significance to students, students teachers, education stakeholder, the school, curriculum designers and the future researchers.
(i) Student: The finding of this study will enable the student to perform academically better in Economics.
(ii) Student teachers: The finding of this study will provide a preparatory ground for the student teachers on the classroom management techniques to be adopted in other to achieve effective teaching and learning of economics.
(iii) Educating Stakeholder: The finding of this study will provide useful information to education stakeholder on the need provide in-service training of teachers before accepting them into the profession.
(iv) Curriculum Designers: The finding of this study will help equipped Nigerian teachers of tomorrow with the knowledge on the type of classroom management techniques to adopt for instruction in schools.
(v) For future researchers: The finding of this study will serve as information bank to future researches on related topic.
Definition of Terms
Classroom Management: This has to do with the smooth and effective handling of the class through the process of controlling, supervising, planning, mobilizing of various resources.
Class Activities: This is a classroom management technique where by the teacher uses learning activities to occupy the students during teaching and learning process.
Academic Performance: This is the score or grade students obtain in continuous assessment in examination in Economics.
Economics: Economics is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternatives uses.
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