A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION IN THE SOCIO ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN
A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION IN THE SOCIO ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration
Approval Page
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope/Delimitation of the Study
1.8 Definition of Operational Terms
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Design of the Study
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.4 Research Instrument
3.5 Validity of the Instrument
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument
3.7 Administration of the Instrument
3.8 Data Analysis Technique
CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Analyses of Data Results
4.2 Summary of Major Findings
4.3 Discussion of the Findings
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies
References
Appendixes
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The position of women in society in relation to men and the subordination, oppression and marginalization of women has attracted the attention of scholars, activists, feminists and development workers for a very long time. Historical evidences in many societies, both during the ancient and modern periods support the idea of male domination over their female folks in many spheres of human endeavour (Onyeozu, 2023).
Moreover, as observed by (Onyeozu, 2023), women play a vital role in the socio-economic development of any country. In fact, they provide an important source of labor for cash crop production, and through the application of agricultural skills to generate additional income through cottage industries.
However, due to the time consuming nature of their diverse responsibilities, women tend to work longer hours than their male counter parts. Studies concerning the allocation of women’s time among different activities have greatly increase recognition of the importance of women’s economic contribution.
The literature on the subjugation of women to men’s domination knows no bound with such literature covering wide range of issues, including the body, class and work, disability, the family, globalization, human rights, culture, race and racism, reproduction, science, the self, sex, work, human trafficking and sexuality (Nkoyo, 2002).
The issues relating to what is also known as gender inequality has become very prominent in the last few decades. It has a great impact on policy making and implementation (Aina, 2012).
A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION IN THE SOCIO ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN
The United Nations has programs and agencies like Commission on the Status of Women has been responsible for organizing and following up the world conferences on women in uplifting the status of women in political affairs and socio – economic development. Past conferences such as Mexico (1975), Copenhagen (1980), Nairobi (1985) and the recent one Beijing (1995) in China, with the theme “Equality Development and Peace Contriving Strategies” towards active liberation and empowerment of women with its overall aim at annulling those practices and values that discriminate against women; taking steps to increase the number of women representation in legislative bodies around the world. Thus, Nigeria has achieved little progress in this regard.
The slow progress with women’s political representation in Nigeria is intimately connected with how the problem of women’s under-representation is perceived and understood as well as the strategies adopted to address it. Traditionally, in Africa and particularly in Nigerian culture and history.
Women have been involved in politics and socioeconomic development in governance. But the level of participation is low when compared to the level of males. Having tasted political power and found it appealing, the male gender continued to consolidate its position by fencing out their female counterparts from the mainstream political activities where the real power lies. At best, women were strategically, through several means including cultural exclusion, reduced to the second fiddle offices of ‘deputy’ and ‘vice’ ((Awofeso & Temitayo, 2014).
In Nigeria, currently there are 469 legislators in the national assembly. 109 and 360 in the senate and house of representatives respectively. Out of this, only seven women are in senate while 22 are in the house of representatives. Thus, female law makers constitute 6.2% while male legislators stand at 93.8%. At the state assembly level, there are 51 women out of 990 members, representing 5.2% in terms of representation.
In addition, this study will point out the dimensions of gender inequality and discrimination that excludes women from socioeconomic and political activities. This is detrimental to national cohesion, progress and development of women in Nigerian society and beyond in the 21st century.
Women emancipation is the effort to secure equal rights for women and to remove discrimination from laws, institutions and behavioural patterns. Some women reformers rights movement began in the nineteenth century with the demand for women’s right to vote, they advocated for the same rights as men.
Many other scholars including Agbalajobi (2010) and Soetan (2014) have unveiled the travail of the female gender humiliation, manipulation and marginalization through a number of culturally biased norms and practices which has culminated into systematic institutionalization of male superiority over the female in all spheres of life – socio-culturally, economically and politically. A study of the roles of community development education in the socio economic emancipation of women.
Indeed, the life circle of a woman from the cradle to the grave is said to be characterized by all manners of violence related to manipulation and control of women by men through sex selective, abortion, different access to medical care, incest and sexual harassment in the workplace, rape, marital rape, abuse of widow, etc.
By the virtue of the population of Nigeria, the potential female labour force is 50% but the actual value is 31%. Undeniably, the proportion of women in the formal sector is very minimal. Thus, this is noticeable in the industries and the civil services; statistics indicate that in the Federal Civil Service, which the highest employer in the country is, women are mostly found in the junior categories (Ajir, 2002). Women are mainly involved in petty trading, selling wares in the market and street hawking in urban areas.
According to statistics 78 % of women are mostly engaged in the informal sector, which are farming and petty trading. Despite this, their contribution is not commensurate monetarily. Without reservation, the women’s unpaid labour is twice that of men, and its economic value is estimated to be up to 30% of the nation’s Gross National Product. Women self-advancement has been curtailed by the burden of reproduction. Thus, particularly in Nigeria with a very high birth rate as well as the cultural roles associated to women – role of child bearing, child raising and homemaking. Therefore, this study focused on a study of the roles of community development education in the socio economic emancipation of women.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Essentially, the women must be educated in terms of their role in the society, whether as Producers or Reproducers; they are mainly responsible for the care and well-being of their families, they play an important role as educators of future generations, they perform economic functions and social functions.
However, as more and more women are educated, the health of the nation improves. With rising education among the women, there will be also a rise of women in the labour force; women education aids in the protection of the environment and also improves agricultural practices which will enhance the socioeconomic emancipation of women. Thus, for society to be developed, the women must be allowed access to good and qualitative education.
Therefore, this study examined the roles of community development education in the socio economic emancipation of women in Ikwerre Local Government Area of river.
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